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Clin Tech > Theriogenology > Flashcards

Theriogenology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the collection devices used for semen collection?

A

Artificial vagina

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2
Q

What is a method of collection for semen collection?

A

Collection device, digital manipulation, electroejaculation

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3
Q

What are the three parts of ejaculate?

A

First fraction, second fraction, a third fraction

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4
Q

What is the first fraction?

A

Clear fluid

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5
Q

What is the second fraction?

A

Sperm Rich, should be cloudy

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6
Q

What is the third fraction?

A

Clear fluid, can continue for up to 10 minutes

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7
Q

How do you evaluate semen

A

Appearance, volume, concentration, motility, percent morphology

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8
Q

What is normal volume of semen in a dog?

A

Two mills to 20 mills

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9
Q

How can you kill sperm

A

Formaldehyde

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10
Q

What can you use to measure the concentration of sperm?

A

Hemocytometer, spectrophotometer

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11
Q

What are the terms used for sperm motility?

A

Progressively motel, nonmotile, non-progressively motile

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12
Q

What are the techniques used to evaluate sperm’s motility?

A

Manual motility estimate using wet mount – dilute semen sample with warm extender and place on to slide with cover slip and examine

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13
Q

What is the second technique used to evaluate sperm motility?

A

Check motility estimates – prepare a wet amount of diluted semen from our photograph using an exposure time of about 0.2 seconds

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14
Q

What is the third technique to evaluate for motility?

A

Computer aided motility analysis– similar to manual tracking method, but computers do the tracking

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15
Q

What should be the result for motility test

A

Greater than 70% progressive

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16
Q

What should you examine on a sperm?

A

Head, mid piece, tail, acrosome, sperm membranes

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17
Q

Do normal sperm pick up stain

A

No

18
Q

What are the stages of estrus

A

Proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus, anestrus

19
Q

What are you looking for an a vaginal cytology?

A

RBC, WBC, bacteria, epithelial cells

20
Q

What are the epithelial cells you’ll see a vaginal cytology?

A

Para basal cells, intermediate cells, superficial cells

21
Q

What are para basil cells?

A

Smallest epithelial cells come around or nearly around and have a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, uniform shape

22
Q

What is an intermediate cell?

A

Twice the size of para basal cells, as they increase in size, the cytoplasm becomes irregular, folded, and angular

23
Q

What is a superficial cell?

A

Largest cell, polygonal shape and distinctly flat, and sometimes having the appearance of being rolled up nuclei either absent or pyknotic

24
Q

What will you see during anestrus

A

None to view RBC, none to few WBC, small round, large, nuclei, epithelial cells, none to few bacteria

25
Q

What are symptoms of anestrus

A

Volvo small, no bleeding, no interest from males, no milk

26
Q

What will you see during proestrus

A

Many RBC, none a few WBC, and a few bacteria, epithelial cells – transition from round, small pair of basil cells to flat, angular cornified cells with pyknotic nuclei

27
Q

What are symptoms of proestrus

A

Four swollen, spotting, blood, attractive to males, no flagging, no acceptance of male, lasts about 7 to 9

28
Q

What will you see during estrus

A

Not to view RBC, not to few WBC, epithelial cells – fully cornified, bacteria may or may not

29
Q

What is common behavior during estrous

A

Standing, flagging, willing to accept mail, no bleeding, less about 7 to 9 days

30
Q

What will you see during diestrus

A

RBC and a few, WBC many, epithelial cells, rapid decrease from nearly 100% qualified cells to less than 50% cells, bacteria present

31
Q

What is common behavior during diestrus

A

Stop standing, Volvo swelling decreases, little to no discharge, less 60 days

32
Q

What does a progesterone level less than 1.0 indicate

A

Anestrus or proestrus

33
Q

What does a progesterone level of 1.0 to 1.9 indicate

A

Ovulation in three days

34
Q

What does a progesterone level of 2.0–2.9 indicate

A

Ovulation in two days

35
Q

What does a progesterone level of 3.0–3.9 indicate

A

Ovulation in one day

36
Q

What does a progesterone level of 4.0–10.0 indicate

A

Ovulation day

37
Q

What is the optimal breeding day?

A

Two days after ovulation

38
Q

What does a progesterone level greater than 10 with cornified vaginal cytology indicate?

A

Ovulation was one to five days ago

39
Q

What does a drone level greater than 10 with non-cornified vaginal cytology indicate

A

Diestrus– too late to breed

40
Q

What is the test for pregnancy?

A

Relaxin

41
Q

What does a relaxin test?

A

Relaxin produced by placenta

Clin Tech (13 decks)

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