Theriogenology Flashcards
What are the collection devices used for semen collection?
Artificial vagina
What is a method of collection for semen collection?
Collection device, digital manipulation, electroejaculation
What are the three parts of ejaculate?
First fraction, second fraction, a third fraction
What is the first fraction?
Clear fluid
What is the second fraction?
Sperm Rich, should be cloudy
What is the third fraction?
Clear fluid, can continue for up to 10 minutes
How do you evaluate semen
Appearance, volume, concentration, motility, percent morphology
What is normal volume of semen in a dog?
Two mills to 20 mills
How can you kill sperm
Formaldehyde
What can you use to measure the concentration of sperm?
Hemocytometer, spectrophotometer
What are the terms used for sperm motility?
Progressively motel, nonmotile, non-progressively motile
What are the techniques used to evaluate sperm’s motility?
Manual motility estimate using wet mount – dilute semen sample with warm extender and place on to slide with cover slip and examine
What is the second technique used to evaluate sperm motility?
Check motility estimates – prepare a wet amount of diluted semen from our photograph using an exposure time of about 0.2 seconds
What is the third technique to evaluate for motility?
Computer aided motility analysis– similar to manual tracking method, but computers do the tracking
What should be the result for motility test
Greater than 70% progressive
What should you examine on a sperm?
Head, mid piece, tail, acrosome, sperm membranes
Do normal sperm pick up stain
No
What are the stages of estrus
Proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus, anestrus
What are you looking for an a vaginal cytology?
RBC, WBC, bacteria, epithelial cells
What are the epithelial cells you’ll see a vaginal cytology?
Para basal cells, intermediate cells, superficial cells
What are para basil cells?
Smallest epithelial cells come around or nearly around and have a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, uniform shape
What is an intermediate cell?
Twice the size of para basal cells, as they increase in size, the cytoplasm becomes irregular, folded, and angular
What is a superficial cell?
Largest cell, polygonal shape and distinctly flat, and sometimes having the appearance of being rolled up nuclei either absent or pyknotic
What will you see during anestrus
None to view RBC, none to few WBC, small round, large, nuclei, epithelial cells, none to few bacteria
What are symptoms of anestrus
Volvo small, no bleeding, no interest from males, no milk
What will you see during proestrus
Many RBC, none a few WBC, and a few bacteria, epithelial cells – transition from round, small pair of basil cells to flat, angular cornified cells with pyknotic nuclei
What are symptoms of proestrus
Four swollen, spotting, blood, attractive to males, no flagging, no acceptance of male, lasts about 7 to 9
What will you see during estrus
Not to view RBC, not to few WBC, epithelial cells – fully cornified, bacteria may or may not
What is common behavior during estrous
Standing, flagging, willing to accept mail, no bleeding, less about 7 to 9 days
What will you see during diestrus
RBC and a few, WBC many, epithelial cells, rapid decrease from nearly 100% qualified cells to less than 50% cells, bacteria present
What is common behavior during diestrus
Stop standing, Volvo swelling decreases, little to no discharge, less 60 days
What does a progesterone level less than 1.0 indicate
Anestrus or proestrus
What does a progesterone level of 1.0 to 1.9 indicate
Ovulation in three days
What does a progesterone level of 2.0–2.9 indicate
Ovulation in two days
What does a progesterone level of 3.0–3.9 indicate
Ovulation in one day
What does a progesterone level of 4.0–10.0 indicate
Ovulation day
What is the optimal breeding day?
Two days after ovulation
What does a progesterone level greater than 10 with cornified vaginal cytology indicate?
Ovulation was one to five days ago
What does a drone level greater than 10 with non-cornified vaginal cytology indicate
Diestrus– too late to breed
What is the test for pregnancy?
Relaxin
What does a relaxin test?
Relaxin produced by placenta
