Therapy

Question 1

counterconditiong

Answer 1

a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are tiggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

Question 2

systematic desensitization

Answer 2

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-arousing stimuli; commonly used to treat phobias

Question 3

virtual reality exposure therapy

Answer 3

progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears

Question 4

aversive conditioning

Answer 4

a type of counter conditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

Question 5

token economy

Answer 5

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Question 6

psychopharmacology

Answer 6

the study of the effect of drugs on the mind and behavior

Question 7

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 7

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders

Question 8

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 8

involuntary movement of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors

Question 9

antianxiety drugs

Answer 9

drugs used to control anxiety

Question 10

antidepressants

Answer 10

drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety; different types work by altering the availability of serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 11

lithium

Answer 11

used to treat bipolar disorder

Question 12

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 12

a biomedical therapy for severly depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Question 13

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Answer 13

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Question 14

psychosurgery

Answer 14

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

Question 15

lobotomy

Answer 15

a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients; the procedure cuts the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

Question 16

rational emotive therapy

Answer 16

the theory that cognitions control our behavior and emotions; therefore changing the way we think about things will affect the way we feel and the way we behave

Question 17

family therapy

Answer 17

therapy that treats the family as a system; views an individual’s unwanted behavior as influenced by , or directed at, other family members

Question 18

insight therapy

Answer 18

a therapy which aims to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Question 19

client-centered therapy

Answer 19

a humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening with a genuine, accepting, empathetic, environment to facilitate clients’ growth

Question 20

active listening

Answer 20

empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies

Question 21

unconditional positive regard

Answer 21

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude which Carl Rogers believed to be conductive to developing self-awareness and self acceptance

Question 22

psychoanalysis

Answer 22

Sigmun Freud’s therapeutic technique; Freud believed the patients free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences–and the therapist’s interpretations of them–released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

Question 23

interpretation

Answer 23

in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meaning, resistances and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

Question 24

resistance

Answer 24

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Question 25

transference

Answer 25

in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love hatred for a parent)