Therapy Flashcards
counterconditiong
a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are tiggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
systematic desensitization
a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-arousing stimuli; commonly used to treat phobias
virtual reality exposure therapy
progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears
aversive conditioning
a type of counter conditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
token economy
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
psychopharmacology
the study of the effect of drugs on the mind and behavior
antipsychotic drugs
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary movement of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors
antianxiety drugs
drugs used to control anxiety
antidepressants
drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety; different types work by altering the availability of serotonin and norepinephrine
lithium
used to treat bipolar disorder
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
a biomedical therapy for severly depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
psychosurgery
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
lobotomy
a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients; the procedure cuts the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
rational emotive therapy
the theory that cognitions control our behavior and emotions; therefore changing the way we think about things will affect the way we feel and the way we behave
family therapy
therapy that treats the family as a system; views an individual’s unwanted behavior as influenced by , or directed at, other family members
insight therapy
a therapy which aims to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses
client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening with a genuine, accepting, empathetic, environment to facilitate clients’ growth
active listening
empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude which Carl Rogers believed to be conductive to developing self-awareness and self acceptance
psychoanalysis
Sigmun Freud’s therapeutic technique; Freud believed the patients free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences–and the therapist’s interpretations of them–released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meaning, resistances and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love hatred for a parent)
