Personality Flashcards
Sigmund Freud
psychoanalysis
unconscious
free association
dream analysis
Psychoanalysis
attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts (believed to be the cause of you personality)
Unconscious
unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, desires, urges, memories
Free Association
exploring the unconscious by relaxing and saying whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or embarrassing
Id
operates on pleasure principle, strives to satisfy selfish impulses and needs, not constrained by reality, wants to avoid pain and receive instant gratification
Ego
operates on reality principle, mediates the demands of the id and superego, primary acting force of the personality and structure
Superego
voice of conscious, focuses on how one ought to behave, thinks of what’s best for society, strives for perfection
Oral Stage
(0-18 months)
Pleasure centers on mouth; sucking, biting, chewing
Oral Fixation
Anal Stage
(18-36 months)
Pleasure focuses on bowl and bladder elimination
Demand for Control
Phallic Stage
(3-6 years)
Pleasure zone is in the genitals
Oedipus or Electra Complex
Latency Stage
(6 to puberty)
Dormant sexual feelings
Genital Stage
(Puberty on)
maturation of sexual interest
Defense Mechanisms
Ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Displacement
shifting impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person
Projection
disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing to others
Sublimation
directing unacceptable urges or desires into socially acceptable behavior
Regression
returning to an earlier more comforting infantile form of behavior
Rationalization
offering self justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening reason’s for one’s actions
Repression
banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
Reaction Formation
expressing the opposite of how one truly feels
Denial
refusing to acknowledge what has, is, or will happen
Alfred Adler
inferiority complex: Children learning to overcome inadequacies from parents- the pattern they learn produces a lifestyle
Karen Horney
Childhood anxiety: a child’s helplessness requires him/her to seek love and security
Carl Jung
Collective unconscious: a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from the species’ history
TAT
a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
Rorshach Inkblot Test
the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, seeks to identify peoples inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots
First born
leader
Middle born
mediator
Last born
rebel
Humanistic theory
focus on human potential for growth
self concept
all our thoughts and feelings we have about ourselves
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- physiological
- safety
- love and belonging
- esteem
- self-actualization
- self-transcendence
Carl Rogers
believed that in order for us to develop into healthy humans, we need genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
Unconditional Positive Regard
an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
self-serving bias
we view ourselves as better than average
criticisms
- reinforces western cultural values
- hierarchy may reflect only Maslow’s personal values and ideals
- fails to appreciate reality of human capacity for evill
Personality Inventories
questionnaire used to measure a person’s score opn certain traits
MMPI
Minnesota Multiphasic personality Inventory- most widely used
CANOE
Conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism Openness to experience Extroversion
Albert Bandera
Proposed social cognitive theory
bobo doll study
Reciprocal determinsim
how we interact with the environment shapes who we are and vice versa
Self-efficacy
our perceived ability to succeed
locus of control
do we control what happens to us (internal locus) or do we have no control over life (external locus)
learned helplessness
no control over repeated bad events leads to giving up
optimism vs pessimism
measure of attitude and outlook
