Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psychology > Developement > Flashcards

Developement Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Chromosomes

A

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes; get 23 from each parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Identical Twins

A

twins who develop from a single zygote (fertilized egg) that splits in two, creating two genetic replicas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

twins who develop from two zygotes; genetically no closer than brothers and sisters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dominant Genes

A

always are expressed, even if paired with a recessive gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Recessive Genes

A

only express if paired with another recessive gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Genotype

A

the actual DNA of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phenotype

A

the outward, physical manifestation of the genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

the study of the power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nature vs. Nurture

A

Nature: the way you were born
Nurture: the way you were raised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Heritability

A

proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes
**Environment has an impact too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Natural Selection

A

inherited trait variations contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cross-Sectional Studies

A

participants of different ages studied at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Longitudinal Studies

A

one group of people studied over a period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Placenta

A

first pre-natal influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Touch

A

results in faster weight gain and neurological development for both babies and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parent influence

A

education, discipline, responsibility, orderliness, charitableness, ways of interacting with authority figures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Peer influence

A

learning cooperation, finding popularity, styles of peer interaction, drug behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Norms

A

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Social learning theory

A

theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gender role

A

a set of expected behaviors for males and females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

gender identity

A

one’s sense of being male or female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

gender-typing

A

the acquisition of a tradition masculine or feminine role (teaching your kids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Trust vs. Mistrust

A

Infancy (0-1 year)

if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

A 
Toddler hood (1-2 years) 
Toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Initiative vs guilt

A

Preschooler (3-6 years)

preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Industry vs. inferiority

A 
Elementary School (6 years to puberty)
children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Identity vs. Role confusion

A

Adolescence (teen years into 20s)
teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Intimacy vs. Isolation

A 
young adulthood (20s to early 40s)
young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Generativity vs. stagnation

A 
middle adulthood (40s-60s)
in middle age, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Integrity vs. Despair

A 
Late adulthood (late 60s and up)
reflecting on his or her life, and older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

conception

A

the sperm attempts to penetrate the egg’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg, first 2 weeks of development

outer part becomes placenta

33
Q

embryo

A

after two weeks, lasts about 6 weeks, heart begins to beat and organs begin to develop

34
Q

fetus

A

nine weeks and onward, by six months can survive outside womb, can recognize sounds and responds to light

35
Q

teratogens

A

chemical agents that can harm the prenatal environment

36
Q

habituation

A

decreasing responsiveness to repeated stimuli (how quickly they get bored)

37
Q

maturation

A

biological growth pattern

38
Q

infant memory

A

underdeveloped hippo campus and cortex areas result in lack of long term memory before ages 3-4

39
Q

gross motor skills

A

involve large muscle activities, such as walking

40
Q

fine motor skillls

A

involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity

41
Q

rooting reflex

A

baby turns to search and suck when cheek touched

42
Q

moro reflex

A

startle response

43
Q

babinski reflex

A

toes fan out when sole of foot touched

44
Q

sensorimotor

A

(0-2) object permanence and baby mathematics

45
Q

preoperational

A

(2-7) egocentric and pretend play

46
Q

concrete operational

A

(7-11) conservation: volume and mass remain the same

47
Q

formal operational

A

(12 and up) abstract reasoning: thinking about your thinking

48
Q

Schema

A

mental ways we interpret/organize the world around us

49
Q

assimilation

A

incorporating new experiences into existing schemas

50
Q

accomodation

A

changing an existing schema to adapt to new information

51
Q

imprinting

A

an automatic attachment formed very early in life

52
Q

Harlow’s monkey experiment

A

monkeys preferred contact with the comfortable cloth mother even while feeding from the nourishing wire mother (need touch for attachment)

53
Q

critical periods

A

the optimal period when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

54
Q

Types of attachment

A

secure, avoidant(no emotion), anxious/ambivalent(always cry)

55
Q

stranger anxiety

A

fear of strangers that infants commonly display, begins around 8 months

56
Q

separation anxiety

A

distress the infant shows when object of attachment leaves, begins around 14 months

57
Q

authoritarian parenting

A

parents impose rules and expect obedience

58
Q

permissive parenting

A

submit to children’s desires, make few demands, use little punishment

59
Q

authoritative parenting

A

both demanding and responsive

60
Q

preconventional

A

obey to avoid punishment or attain rewards

key point: self-interest

61
Q

conventional

A

uphold laws and rules because they are the laws and rules

key point: social-approval

62
Q

postconventional

A

person follows what they personally perceive as ethical principles
key point: ethical principles

63
Q

physical changes of old age

A

muscular strength, reactionary time, sensory keeness, and cardiac output all crest in the mid twenties

64
Q

decline in fertility

A

chances of pregnancy for a 35-39 year old are half that of a 19-26 year old

65
Q

menopause

A

the time of natural cessation of menstruation

occurs approximately around age 50

66
Q

aging senses

A

our senses get worse with age, accident rates increase with age

67
Q

good news about health

A

accumulation of antibodies result in less short term ailments (flu or cold)

68
Q

Bad news about health

A

immune system weakens, making the body more susceptible to ailments such as pneumonia and cancer

69
Q

Memory atrophy

A

by age 80 brain weight has decreased by 5%

overly blunt questions

70
Q

Dementia

A

mental erosion of the brain (substantial loss of brain cells)

71
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

a progressive and irreversible brain disorder

deterioration of brain cells that produce acetylcholine

72
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

accumulated knowledge increases with age

73
Q

fluid intelligence

A

ability to solve problems quickly and think abstractly

peaks in 20s and decreases over time

74
Q

social clock

A

the culturally preferred timing of social events

75
Q

stages of death and grieving

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

76
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

body structures that make reproduction possible

77
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

non-reproductive sex characteristics

78
Q

landmarks for puberty

A

girls: menarche
boys: first ejaculation

AP Psychology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions