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AP Psychology > Psychological Disorders and Therapy > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders and Therapy Flashcards

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1
Q

early theories about psychological disorders

A

thought to be caused by:

  • being possessed by evil spirits
  • alignment of the stars
  • godlike powers
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2
Q

trephination

A

spirit possession was often treated by drilling holes into the skull to release to spirit

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3
Q

deviant

A

being different from most other people in one’s culture; mat vary by context or time

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4
Q

distressful

A

causes the individual pain, anxiety, etc.

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5
Q

dysfunctional

A

impairs the individual’s daily life

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6
Q

medical model

A

mental illness needs to be diagnosed on basis of symptoms and cured through therapy and treatment

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7
Q

biospsychosocial approach

A

focuses more on the causes of the disorder rather than treatment

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8
Q

primary prevention

A

measure taken to prevent the disease from occurring the first place
ie: wearing sunblock to prevent sunburn

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9
Q

secondary prevention

A

measures used after disease has occurred but before the person notices anything
ie: doctor checking for new moles

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10
Q

tertiary prevention

A

targets a person who already has symptoms of a disease

ie: surgery, chemotherapy

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11
Q

DSM-5

A

APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

aka the psychiatrists bible

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12
Q

people-first language

A

seeing individuals as people first and not as being defined by their disorder “a person with schizophrenia” vs. “a schizophrenic”

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13
Q

Rosenhan study

A

eight associates faked hallucination symptoms, all were admitted with schizophrenia (none exposed as imposters)

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14
Q

panic disorder

A

characterized by repeated panic attacks (episodes of intense dread) in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, and other frightening sensations)

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15
Q

separation anxiety disorder

A

a psychological condition in which an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has strong emotional attachment

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16
Q

specific phobia

A

persistent irrational fear of a specific object, event, or person

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17
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of avoidance of dangerous or uncomfortable situations in which escape may be difficult (typically vast openness or crowdedness)

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18
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

characterized by intense fear in one or more social situations due to anxiety over potential social interactions

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19
Q

selective mutism

A

a person who is normally capable of speech does not speak in specific situations or to specific people

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20
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

an individual is continually tense, apprehensive, expecting, disaster, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal with no causal root

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21
Q

major depressive disorder

A

characterized by persistent and pervasive low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and a loss of self interest or pleasure in normal activities with no causal factor

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22
Q

season affective disorder (SAD)

A

depression experienced during the winter months due to lack of sunlight

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23
Q

bipolar disorder

A

characterized by periods of mania (elevated mood and activity/energy) alternating with periods of depression

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24
Q

enuresis

A

the repeated inability to control urination in children or adults old enough to be expected to exercise such control (approximately age 5 and older)

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25
Q

encopresis

A

the repeated voluntary or involuntary fecal soiling in children who have usually already been toilet trained

26
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

individual experiences retrograde autobiographical loss of memory with no physiological basis for the disruption

27
Q

dissociative fugue

A

subset of dissociative amnesia where a person forgets their past, creates a brand new identity, and begins a new life in a different location

28
Q

depersonalization/derealization disorder (DDD)

A

a mental disorder where a person experiences a feeling of watching oneself act with no control over a situation (depersonalization) and a belief that one’s external world is unreal (derealization)

29
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

30
Q

pica disorder

A

characterized by an appetite for substances that are non-nutritive, such as paper, clay, metal, chalk, soil, glass, or sand

31
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by food intake restriction, distorted body self-perception, and possible excessive exercise

32
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging and possible excessive exercise

33
Q

intellectual disability

A

characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning defined at an IQ score below 70

34
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

characterized by social defects and communication difficulties, repetitive behaviors and interests, sensory issues, and in some cases, cognitive delays

35
Q

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

characterized by significant problems with attention and inhibition control, hyperactivity, or impulsiveness

36
Q

specific learning disorder

A

the impediment of ability to learn or use specific academic skills (such as reading, writing, or arithmetic) which are the foundation of other academic learning

37
Q

tourette’s disorder

A

characterized by multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic

38
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

characterized by persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) causing the feeling of needing to engage in a particular action (compulsion) to make the obsession stop

39
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

a person is excessively concerned about and preoccupied by one or more imagined or minor defects in their physical features

40
Q

hoarding disorder

A

characterized by excessive acquisition of large quantities of objects and an unwillingness or inability to discard them

41
Q

trichotillomania

A

characterized by the compulsive urge to pull out one’s hair, leading to noticeable hair loss and balding, distress, and social or functional impairment

42
Q

excoriation

A

an impulse control disorder characterized by the repeated urge to pick at one’s own skin, often to the extent that damage is caused

43
Q

schizophrenia

A

a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and a failure to recognize what is real

44
Q

positive symptoms of schiz.

A 
presence of inappropriate behaviors
delusions
hallucinations
excessive/purposeless movement
word salad
45
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur

46
Q

hallucinations

A

sensory experiences without sensory stimulation

47
Q

word salad

A

confused and often repetitious language

48
Q

negative symptoms of schiz.

A

absence of appropriate behaviors
flat affect
catatonia
loss of interest in everyday activities / lack of pleasure
feeling out of touch with people, family, and friends

49
Q

flat affect

A

apathetic state involving lack of emotion

50
Q

catatonia

A

motionless for hours

51
Q

conversion disorder

A

characterized by suffering of neurological symptoms without definable cause

52
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

an individual excessively worries about a serious illness based on little or no evidence to substantiate the worry

53
Q

reactive attachment disorder

A

characterized by persistent failure to initiate or respond to most social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way

54
Q

post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

characterized by disturbing, recurring flashbacks after exposure to a traumatic event

55
Q

post traumatic growth

A

those who recover from traumatic events typically experience increased life satisfaction

56
Q

adjustment disorder

A

characterized by being unable to adjust or cope with a particular stressor, such as a major life event

57
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

characterized by pervasive pattern of manipulation and a disregard for the rights of others

58
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people

59
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

characterized by pattern of excessive attention-seeking, including a need for approval

60
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A

characterized by pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation and avoidance of social interaction

61
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

characterized by extreme ego-centrism and self importance and excessive preoccupation with power, prestige, and vanity

62
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

characterized by impulsivity and extreme instability in emotions, relationships, and self-image

AP Psychology (14 decks)

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