Testing and Individual Differences

Question 1

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 1

• Founded the modern day eugenics movement

- Wanted to apply his cousin Charles Darwin’s idea of natural selection to encourage only intelligent and fit

Question 2

Alfred Binet

Answer 2

-Devised a concept called mental age which describes a student’s equivalent corresponding intellectual age

Question 3

William Stern

Answer 3

-Derived the term “intelligence quotient”, abbreviated as IQ
-Used Binet’s mental age term into his formula
IQ=(mental age/chronological age)(100)
-No longer used

Question 4

Average IQ

Answer 4

100

Question 5

Lewis Terman

Answer 5

• Created the first widespread intelligence test know as the “Standford-Binet” intelligence test
• Extended testing range from children to adults

Question 6

Intelligence Quotient

Answer 6

IQ

Question 7

Mental Age

Answer 7

Describes a student’s equivalent corresponding intellectual age

Question 8

Chronological Age

Answer 8

Your actual age

Question 9

Factor Analysis

Answer 9

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items
ie: different scores on different sections of a test

Question 10

Savant Syndrome

Answer 10

Individuals with mental disabilities but who excel in one specific area
ie: Rain man

Question 11

General Intelligence (g)

Answer 11

people can either be labeled as “smart” or “not smart” and there’s no specific areas of strength or weakness

Question 12

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

Answer 12

1. Visual/Spatial
2. Verbal/Linguistic
3. Logical Mathematical
4. Bodily/Kinesthetic
5. Musical/Rythmic
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
8. Naturalistic
9. Existential

Question 13

Sternberg’s Three Aspects

Answer 13

Analytical, practical, creative

Question 14

Analytical Intelligence

Answer 14

academic problem solving

Question 15

Practical Intelligence

Answer 15

“common sense” / “street smarts intelligence related to everyday tasks

Question 16

Creative Intelligence

Answer 16

ability to generate novel ideas

Question 17

Convergent thinking

Answer 17

one solution to a problem

Question 18

Divergent thinking

Answer 18

multiple solutions to a problem

Question 19

standardization

Answer 19

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Question 20

reliability

Answer 20

the extent to which a test yields consistent results over time

Question 21

bell curve

Answer 21

normal distribution

Question 22

test-retest

Answer 22

if an individual takes the exam on one day and takes the same exam again later, the scores should be similar

Question 23

split halves

Answer 23

scores on the first half of the exam should be similar to the second half, odd number question scores should be similar to even numbered question scores

Question 24

alternate forms

Answer 24

if a teacher gives out multiple forms of an exam with different questions, the overall scores should be similar for each form

Question 25

validity

Answer 25

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what is supposed to measure or predict

Question 26

achievement test

Answer 26

designed to assess what a person has learned

Question 27

content validity

Answer 27

the extent to which a test samples the appropriate criterion

Question 28

aptitude test

Answer 28

designed to predict a person’s future performance

Question 29

predictive validity

Answer 29

the extent to which a test predicts the appropriate behavior

ie: SAT, career tests

Question 30

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 30

the most widely used test today

Question 31

verbal (WAIS)

Answer 31

part of the WAIS that contains general info, similarities, arithmetic reasoning, vocab, comprehension, and digit span

Question 32

performance (WAIS)

Answer 32

part of the WAIS that contains picture comprehension, picture arrangement, block design, object assembly, and digit-symbol substitution

Question 33

Intellectually disabled

Answer 33

intelligence score below 70

down syndrome

Question 34

intellectually gifted

Answer 34

IQs above 140; considered geniuses

Mensa: top 2% IQ scores in the world

Question 35

schooling effect

Answer 35

IQ scores increase throughout the school year and drop over the summer months when students are not in school

Question 36

tracking

Answer 36

placing student in intelligence dependent classes such us remedial or advanced courses that tend to continue across different school years

Question 37

stereotype threat

Answer 37

a self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotypes

Question 38

Racial and gender differences in intelligence

Answer 38

cultural bias: biased IQ tests

socioeconomic differences: exposure to school and amount of schooling

Question 39

Flynn effect

Answer 39

scores on the WAIS have been increasing about 3 points per decade