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NPTE > Therapeutic modalities > Flashcards

Therapeutic modalities Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of heat transfer and an example of each?

A
  • Convection ie. whirlpool (liquid or gas past body part)
  • Evaporation ie. Spray and stretch (liquid –> Gas)
  • Conversion ie. US/ SWD (one energy to another)
  • Radiation ie. Radiation therapy ( elecromagnetic wave)
  • Conduction ie. Heat packs
    (heat between two objects in contact with one another)
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2
Q

What are the physiological effects of heat therapy

A
  • increased blood flow
  • decreased muscle spasm
  • Increased capillary permeability and cell activity
  • Analgesia
  • increased tissue extensibility
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3
Q

What are the contraindications of heat therapy

A
  • decreased sensation
  • decreased circulation
  • open wounds
  • acute injury
  • malignancy
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4
Q

What is the temperature used for fluidotherapy? How long does treatment last?

A

100-118F

15-20 minutes

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5
Q

What is the temperature used for paraffin therapy

A

113-122F

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6
Q

What are the desired effects of cooling therapy? And what are the indications?

A
  • Vasoconstriction, reduced blood flow to the area
  • Decreased metabolic rate

Indications:
- edema, pain, spasticity, facilitate contraction

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7
Q

What are the contraindications to cooling therapy?

A
  • cold sensitivity
  • poor circulation
  • superficial or regenerating peripheral nerves
  • hypertension
  • reduced sensation
  • very young/ very old
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8
Q

What is the temperature used for a cold bath?

A

55-64F

15-20 mins

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9
Q

What is the temperature for the controlled cold compression unit?

A

50-77F

Cold plus intermittent compression

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10
Q

What is the safe limit for active electrodes in iontophoresis?

A

Anode 1mA/cm2
Cathode 0.5mA/cm2
10-40 minutes

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11
Q

What are the contraindications of TENS

A
  • Pacemaker
  • epilepsy
  • first trimester
  • Lower abd/uterus during pregnancy
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12
Q

What is the difference between IFC and TENS

A

IF targets deeper tissue using high frequency and 2 x biphasic electrodes. IFC is C/I in malignancy.

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13
Q

What is the difference between premod and IFC?

A

Premod is for smaller areas as it uses a bipolar technique.

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14
Q

What are the two main medications used with PHONOPHORESIS? What are the parameters used?

A

Lidnocaine - pain modulation
Dexamethasone / salicylates - antiinflamm
5-10 mins 1-3 W/cm2

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15
Q

Ultrasound can effect deeper and more superficial tissue. How do you use the parameters to alter this?

A

1mHz for deeper tissue up to 5cm

3mHz for less than 2cm

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16
Q

What are the contraindications of ultrasound

A
  • over eyes
  • over pregnant uterus
  • cemented prosthetic joints
  • reduced sensation
  • reduced circulation
  • over heart
  • over testes
  • over epiphyseal areas in children
  • infection
  • over malignancy
17
Q

What are the contraindications of traction?

A
  • Acute inflamm/sprain/strain
  • Dislocation / #
  • hernia
  • increasing symptoms or peripheralisation of symptoms
  • meningitis
  • osteoporosis
  • positive alar ligament test
  • positive VBI testing
  • pregnancy
  • RA
  • Tumors
  • Vascular condition
18
Q

What is the limit for cervical traction in the first session? What does it change to if targeting the facet joints? or targeting soft tissue/vertebral body separation?

A

First session: 8-10lb
Facets 7% body weight 20-30lb
Vertebral body/spasm 12-15Lb

19
Q

What is the limit for lumbar traction in the first session? What does it change to if targeting the facet joints? or targeting soft tissue/vertebral body separation?

A

First session: 30-40lb
Vertebral body or Facet separation 50% body weight
Muscle Spasm 25% body weight

Prone position for disc

20
Q

Electromagnetic radiation aims to

A

increase collagen extensibility, increase metabolic rate, increase muscle elasticity, increase pain threshold, cause vasodilation

21
Q

Contraindications for electromagnetic radiation include

A
  • Low back/abdo of pregnant woman
  • ext or int metal
  • malignancy
  • IUD
  • Pacemaker
  • sensory defects
  • moist wound dressing
  • acute inflammation
  • ischemic tissue
  • testes
22
Q

Procedure for pneumatic compression is as follows:

A
  • check blood pressure
  • elevate limb 45 degrees and abd 20-70 degrees
  • 3:1 for oedema and 4:1 for limb shaping
    2-3 hours for lymphodema, 2 hours for traumatic oedema
    Venous ulcers 2-5 hours x 3 per week
23
Q

Contraindications for pneumatic compression is as follows

A
  • Malignancy
  • DVT
  • unstable or acute #
  • infection
  • heart failure
  • pulmonary oedema
  • Circulatory obstruction
24
Q

Biofeedback uses visual and auditory feedback to aid the following

A
  • reduced accessory muscle use
  • reduce muscle spasm
  • reduce pain
  • increase muscle strength
  • muscle relaxation
  • improve NM control
25
Q

Iontophoresis is..

Where does the active electrode go? and the dispersive electrode?

What are the safe limits for cathode and anode?

Which medications use the cathode?

A

The application of continuous direct current for the purpose of transporting healing agents.

Surface are of cathode = twice the size of the anode
Active electrode over the target area and dispersive electrode as far away as possible.

Safe limits: Cathode 0.5mA/cm2, anode 1mA/cm2
10-40 mins.

Salicylate, citrate (RA) and dexamathasone are all -ve.

NPTE (19 decks)

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