Metabolic and Endocrine System Flashcards
The hypothalamus releases which hormones
Pituitary hormones, Corticotrophen releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin
The anterior pituatary gland releases which hormones
Controls the release of growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, FSH, LH and prolactin
Posterior pituitary gland releases which hormones
Antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin
The adrenal cortex has which role
Release of mineral corticosterioids, glucocorticoids, adrenal androgens and androstenedione
What is Addisons disease?
Insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production. Hypofunction of adrenal medulla.
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- hypotension
- weakness
- anorexia
- weightloss
- altered pigmentation
Rx: Endurance/resistance training program, stress mgt techniques. Improve weakness and decreased endurance
Monitor for Hypotension and exhaustion.
What is Cushings disease?
Adrenal dysfunction with hyperfunction of the adrenal gland allowing for excessive cortisol.
- persistent hyperglycemia
- growth failure
- trunk obesity
- buffalo hump, moonshaped face
- weakness
- acne
- HTN
Rx; monitor weight, electrolyte and fluid imbalances, low demand endurance, resistive ex, stress mgt. Prone to tendon rupture, monitor BP for HTN
what are the symptoms of diabetes insipidus
polydipsia and excessive urine volume that is severely diluted
Hypothyroidism
- depression anxiety, lethargy, fatigue, slowed mental function, impaired short term memory
- proximal weakness, trigger points, myalgia, increased bone density, cold intolerance
- Dyspnea, bradycardia, CHF, resp m weakness, angina, decreased peripheral circulation
- Anorexia, Constipation, weight gain, decreased food and glucose absorption
Infertility, irregular menstruation, increased bleeding
Rx: Energy conservation, flexibility and endurance.
Hyperthyroidism - Graves disease
Tremors, hyperkinesia, nervousness, increased DTR
insomnia, emotional lability, weakness, atrophy
Heat intolerance, flushed skin, hyperpigmentation, increased hairloss
Tachycardia, palpitations, increased RR, increased BP, arrhythmia
Hypermetabolism, increased appetite, N & V, diarrhea, dysphagia
Polyuria, infertility,
Rx: Increase strength, combat insomnia. Avoid CV stress, consider heat intolerance. Risk of rhabdo, monitor vital signs.
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar
glucose<70
Rapid onset
Pallor, trembling, sweating, excessive hunger, tachycardia, palpitations
Faint, dizzy, fatigue weakness, poor coord, unsteady gait
Headache, Double vision, slurred speech, drowsy, confused
Hyperglycemia/diabetic ketoacidosis
High blood sugar
>300
Gradual onset
weakness, increased thirst, dry mouth, frequent urination, dehydration
Decreased appetite, N&V, abdo tenderness
Dullsed senses, confusion, diminished reflexes, fruity breath, deep RR, rapid pulse
Hypoparathyroidism
Decreased bone resorption Hypocalcemia Elevated serum phosphate Compromised breathing due to intercostal and diaphragm spasm tetany Arrhythmia
hyperparathyroidism
increased bone resorption
hypercalcemia
decreased serum phosphate
renal hypertension, renal damage, nephrocalcinosis, gout
Metabolic acidosis
renal failure, starvation, malaise, fatigue, hyperventilation, hyperkalemia, headache, arrhythmia
Metabolic alkalosis
Hypoventilation, hypokalemia, muscle twitching, cramping, parasthesia
