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NPTE > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Aspirin:

Indications, MOA, Side effects, Poisoning

A

Antiinflamm, analgesic, anti-pyretic, antiplatelet
MOA - inhibits cycloxygenase (Cox) inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Irreversible and predictable mechanism
SE - GI upset, N & V, bleeding, ulcers, Methotrexate toxicity ( aspirin decreases methotrexate excretion)

Salicylate poisoning: Tinnitus, N&V, lethargy/excitability, hyperventilation –> Resp alkalosis. Severe toxicity may lead to metabolic acidosis, seizures.

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2
Q

Methotrexate:

A

Chemotherapy, autoimmune disease, RA
SE: Anaemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, reduced ex tolerance, HA, Nausea, Joint pain, swelling

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3
Q

NSAIDS: Non-selective

A

Ibuprofen, advil, molvin - inhibit both Cox-1 and Cox 2 eliminating the good prostaglandins (Cox1) and the inflammatory ones (Cox2) nonselectively.
SE: fluid retention, edema, CHD, GI irritation, lithium toxicity - N&V diarrhea, weakness

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4
Q

NSAIDS: Selective

A

Celebrex/celecoxib - acts only on the Cox II and spares the Cox I

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5
Q

Glucocorticosteroids

A

MOA: inhibit capillary dilation, edema, migration of leuokocytes and macrophages
indications: RA, DJD
SE: Fragile bone, poor growth, increased appetite, diabetes, hypokalemia –> muscle cramp/spasm
Peripheal edema, glaucoma, reduced WBC, emotional changes, hirsuitism, cushings
Withdrawal: opposite - hypotension, addisons disease

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6
Q

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)

- anticytokines

A

Demyelinating, lymphoma, infections, lupus like rash

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7
Q

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)

- Cyclosporine

A

SE: HTN Nephrotoxicity

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8
Q

Biphosphonates

A

Anti-osteoporotic - Reduced osteoclast, increased BMD, SE: stomach and esophagus lesions, arrhythmia, muscle pain

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9
Q

Calcitonin

A

Antiosteoporotic - inhibit osteoclasts - increased BMD used in padgets disease
SE: pain, myalgia, HA, Nasal complications

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10
Q

Teriparatide (forteo)

A

Selective antiestrogen, parathyroid hormone - not for padgets disease.

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11
Q

Etidrenate diphosphonate

A

Inhibition of Osteoclasts - Padgets

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12
Q

Alendronate (fosamax)

A

Side effects: myalgia, esophageal lesions - standing for 30 mins after taking, take 30 mins before breakfast

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13
Q

Diazepam

A

Works on the spinal interneruons

Side effects - drowsiness, muscle spasm

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14
Q

Tizanidine

A

Muscle relaxant
Indications: spasticity
acts on the spinal cord
SE: hypotension

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15
Q

Flexeril

A

Muscle relaxant
Local, acute muscle spasm
Acts on the brain and spinal cord
possible hypertensive crisis, tachycardia, blurry vision, dry mouth

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16
Q

Baclofen

A

Spasticity, painful F/E spasm
SE: drowsiness, Seizures
MOA: inhibits neurotransmitter release in brain and spinal cord
Reduces inflammation and pain

17
Q

Dantroline

A

Acts locally on muscle fibers to block calcium release
Side effects - drowsy, diarrhea, dizziness, photosensitivity
Indications: Chronic muscle spasm

18
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

Amitryptyline, Nortryptoline, doxepine, lmipramine

19
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

A

MOA: Inhibits breakdown of neutrotransmitters leading to more availability
Nordil, Pornate, Morplan
Indicated for Hysteria
SE: sweating, tremor, increased BP, Increased temp

20
Q

SSRIs

A

Zoloft - OCD

SE: HA Nausea, lethargy, fatigue, insomnia

21
Q

Opiods

A

Morphine, codine, hydrocodone, oxycodone
Indications: analgesia, dyspnea, antidiarrheal, antitussive
SE: N&V, drowsiness, withdrawal, resp depression, addiction
Oxycodone - constipation
Mepiridine - tremor, twitch, seizures

22
Q

Non-opioid narcotics

A

Acetaminophen - mild-mod pain
Antipyretic
325-650mg TID 4g daily max
Large doses lead to liver damage

23
Q

Digoxin toxicity leads to

A

Distraction, indiscretion, grandiocity, increased activity, sleep deficit, talkativeness, blurry yellow vision, tachycardia, heart block

24
Q

Thiazide, hydrochlorthiazide

A

Diuretic - first line HTN
Inhibits the resorption of sodium in the kidney which inhibits water resorption = increased urine volume and decreased vascular resistance
SE: Hyperglycemia, hyperurecemia, HYPERcalcemia, hypokalemia, increased LDL

25
Q

Loop diuretics

A

affect the Loop of henle

Hyperurecemia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia increased LDL and HYPOCALCEMIA

26
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A

Weak diuretics prevent hypokalemia - hyperkalemia.

27
Q

Alphaadrenergic blockers: alpha receptors cause:

A

Vasoconstricution - increased hypertension

28
Q

Alphaadrenergic blockers: beta receptors cause:

A

vasodilation - relaxation

29
Q

Glycerol trinitrate (GTN) Nitroglycerin

A

Angina
SE: orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, HA, tachycardia
MOA: peripheral vasodilation, blood pooling, reduced oxygen demand of the heart
3 times with no relief - Call for assistance likely MI

30
Q

Hydralazine, minoxidil

A

Vasodilators
used with ACE inhibitors in CHF
used with betablockers for HTN
SE: GI disturbances, HA, flushing (lupus like symptoms), congestion, reflex tachycardia

31
Q

Anticoagulants: Warfarin considerations

A

CI in pregnancy

Consider purple to syndrome - microemboli

32
Q

Anticoagulants: Heparin

A

CI in renal failure

33
Q

Antiretroviral treatment

A

SE Neuralgia and myopathy, lots of water to prevent dehydration

34
Q

Beta blockers - Lols

A 
Reduce cardiac output by slowing the heart
Beta 1 act on heart
Beta 2 act on lungs
Selective beta blockers - Beta 1 only
Non-selective - Beta and and 2
SE: Bradycardia
Lethargy
GIT disturbance
Low BP
Depression
35
Q

Calcium channel blockers (pines)

A

Inhibit calcium ions into heart and muscle cells = decreased peripheral resistance - coronary artery dilation
- decreased contractility and conductivity of the heart, reduced oxygen demand

SE: Bradycardia, peripheral vasodilation, flushing, headache, ankle swelling, reflex tachy,

36
Q

ACE Inhibitors (Prils)

A

CHF - reduced peripheral vascular resistance without increasing CO, HR or Contractility
SE: dizzy, OH, GI distress, Cough, HA, Hyperkalemia

NPTE (19 decks)

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