theory of planned behaviour Flashcards
what theory was revised and refined before TPB?
theory of reasoned action
what are the 2 new variables to add to attitudes in TPB from the theory of reasoned action?
subjective norm and behavioural intention
assumed to capture the motivational factors that influence a behaviour and indicates how hard people are willing to try to perform a behaviour =
behavioural intention
what important others think about you performing the behaviour =
subjective norms
what are the 2 components of subjective norms?
beliefs about whether important others approve or disapprove of you performing the behaviour, motivation to comply
what were the results for the meta-analysis that supports theory of reasoned action?
high positive r values, high overall effect size
what is the additional variable added to the newest model of TPB?
perceived control
what is the problem with the theory of reasoned action?
people don’t always have control over their actions
peoples perceptions of their ability to perform a given behaviour (how confident you are with carrying out the behaviour) =
perceived behavioural control
what are the results for the meta-analysis that supports the theory of planned behaviour?
185 studies, positive relationship between attitudes, subjective norm and perceived control with intentions (supports that perceived control is important with our intentions and behaviour outcomes)
what evidence has been found about perceived control?
that it moderates the relationship between intentions and behaviour
what are some of the problems with the TPB?
intentions don’t always translate into behaviour, the intention behaviour gap
what is the intention-behaviour gap by sheeran (2002)?
context can influence intentions e.g. mental, social, physical, situational that prevent the behaviour from being carried out
what did results show on the meta-analysis (185 studies) about perceived control?
it can have an effect on peoples behaviours directly
what are some of the critiques of the TPB?
is it complete? > sufficiency assumption, are there other variables? is it too rational? do people really engage in complex decision making? what about habits and other automatic influences on behaviour? prediction is not the same as explanation
what are the 2 important things that the TPB suggests?
attitudes are associated with behaviour via their influence on peoples intentions, important to consider normative and control beliefs alongside attitudes
does evidence suggest that the TPB is more useful for predicting peoples intentions or their behaviour?
intentions
assumption that the constructs and relationships included in the TPB are sufficient for explaining people’s intentions and behaviour =
the sufficiency assumption
Ajzen says that the TPB is not a _______ theory but is open to looking at other ______ and ________
definitive, variables, predictors
Richard et al (1998) found what other factor to have an effect on the likelihood of ppts using condoms in various situations?
anticipated regret
what others do rather than think =
descriptive norms
an individuals perception of the moral correctness or incorrectness of performing a behaviour =
moral norms
what does moral norms take into account?
personal feelings of responsibility to perform or refuse to perform a certain behaviour, how morally appropriate the behaviour is
were descriptive norms and anticipated regret found to have an effect with peoples intentions to play the lottery?
yes, descriptive norms = +.31, anticipated regret = +.46
did moral obligations have an effect on intentions to disclose info and what was the size of the effect?
yes (small to moderate) > this variable tested that wasn’t considered before was shown to have a key effect
many behaviours are determined by past behaviour rather than cognitions described by the TPB such as?
habits
what did Trafimow (2000) study looking at habit find with use of condoms?
ppts who were in the habit of using condoms, attitudes and subjective norms were not predictors of intentions to use condoms in the future
The Heath Action Process Approach distinguishes _________ processes from ________ processes
motivational, volitional
processes that lead up to forming an intention =
motivational
processes that explain how intentions are translated into action =
volitional
implementation intentions specifying when, where and how to take action =
planning
periodically noting qualities of the target behaviour and outcome and comparing these perceptions with the desired standard =
self monitoring
what are the different factors in Schwarzer’s (2005) model and what do they predict?
action planning, action control (self monitoring, awareness of standards, effort)
extent to which they can predict behaviour
