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social 2 > emotions > Flashcards

emotions Flashcards

1
Q

what does ABC stand for?

A

A = affect, B = behaviour, C = cognitions

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2
Q

emotions are evolutionary adaptions =

A

Darwin

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3
Q

emotions are bodily responses =

A

James-Lange

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4
Q

emotions are brain responses =

A

Cannon-Bard

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5
Q

emotions are biopsychosocial =

A

Schachter and singer

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6
Q

emotions are evaluations of the environment =

A

Arnold

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7
Q

emotions are gateways to our problems =

A

Freud

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8
Q

emotions are social constructions of ourselves =

A

Goffman

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9
Q

what happens if people have damage to emotion centres?

A

no gut feeling for what to do

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10
Q

Describe damask’s somatic marker hypothesis

A

somatic markers = bodily reactions to emotional events, they are learnt and guide decision making.

action > led to bad outcome > unpleasant gut feeling > avoid action

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11
Q

bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion = who’s definition?

A

James

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12
Q

the felt tendency towards an object judged suitable or away from an object judged unsuitable, reinforced by bodily changes = who’s definition?

A

Arnold and Gasson

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13
Q

organised psychophysiological reactions to news about ongoing relationships with the environment = who’s definition?

A

Lazarus

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14
Q

any mental state involving evaluative relationship with environment =

A

affect

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15
Q

what are the 2 subcategories of affect?

A

emotion and mood

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16
Q

relatively intense, short lived, affective condition, evaluative position to object =

A

emotion

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17
Q

less intense, longer lasting affective state, not directed at specific object, more diffuse and generalised evaluative process =

A

mood

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18
Q

generalised evaluation of affect that is more enduring than mood =

A

affective well being

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19
Q

severely impaired affective wellbeing is a feature of what?

A

affective disorders (depression, anxiety)

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20
Q

what are the 3 components of emotion?

A

reaction to stimuli, appraisal, organisation of response

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21
Q

what are the 2 types of model of emotion?

A

dimensional and discrete/categorical

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22
Q

circumplex model of affect = ________ model

A

dimensional

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23
Q

circumplex model: each emotion/mood is defined by the extent to which it involves underlying dimensions of ______ and _______

A

pleasure, activation

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24
Q

at what degrees are dimensions or PA/NA independent?

A

90

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25
Q

circumplex structure found in studies of?

A

facial expressions, semantic similarity, experienced affect

26
Q

discrete emotion models have a ______ approach

A

categorical

27
Q

what does the discrete emotion models propose?

A

there is a limited set of basic discrete emotions from which more complex emotions are derived

28
Q

basic emotions =

A

innate, universal, irreducible , correspond to specific neurophysiological systems

29
Q

how are compound emotions constructed?

A

constructed from 2 or more basic emotions with distinct features

30
Q

give examples of compound emotions?

A

happily surprised, happily disgusted

31
Q

what are the different ways of measuring affect?

A

self report scales, diary study, affect grid, neuroimaging, physiological measures, record facial expressions, cognitive measures, qualitative accounts, peer reports, sentiment analysis

32
Q

what is the most common method for measuring affect?

A

self report scales

33
Q

what are the disadvantages of diary studies?

A

requires self-awareness and understanding go emotion, items may not be relevant to ppts, socially desirable responses

34
Q

what are the advantages of diary studies?

A

high ecological validity, minimises memory recall problems so response less stereotyped, examines changes over time

35
Q

what dimensions does the affect grid use?

A

pleasure-displeasure, activation-sleepiness

36
Q

using physiological measures to map to specific emotions is ______

A

imprecise

37
Q

when recording facial expressions what must be overcome?

A

coding = complex, and must overcome suppression and faking emotions

38
Q

why may a multi method approach to measuring affect be needed?

A

limited convergence across methods, no gold standard measure, all types of measure relevant, choice depends on research Q

39
Q

what is the international affect picture system (IAPS)?

A

photos that have been normatively rated on dimensions of pleasure, arousal and dominance

40
Q

negative emotions expressed more strongly on ___ cheek and + emotions expressed more strongly on ____ cheek. what hypothesis is this consistent with?

A

left, right, valence hypothesis

41
Q

peoples facial activity influences their affective response = what hypothesis?

A

facial feedback hypothesis (FFH)

42
Q

what are the 2 possible mechanisms of FFH?

A

cognitive (people make inferences about what they are feeling based on their facial expression) and physiological (affective response can occur in the absence of cognitive interpretation)

43
Q

idea that we mimic other peoples expressions without realising it =

A

motor mimicry

44
Q

emotion contagion is a ______ and ______ process

A

conscious, automatic

45
Q

enables congruent emotions to spread from person to person =

A

emotion contagion

46
Q

emotion contagion occurs through what 2 types of processes?

A

reactive (occurs automatically without awareness) and inferential (occurs consciously)

47
Q

what factors influence contagion?

A

individual susceptibility and situational certainty

48
Q

people may look for cues of other peoples emotions when unsure about how to feel in certain situations =

A

situational certainty

49
Q

one individual ca affect the mood of a group = what effect?

A

the ripple effect

50
Q

affective tone in a group is when?

A

mood of individuals within a group are all similar

51
Q

emotions regulate social interactions by triggering?

A

affective reactions and inferences in observers

52
Q

the effectiveness of emotions being able to regulate social interactions depends on what?

A

information processing (motivation) and social relational factors (appropriateness of expression)

53
Q

what does sadness request? what does fear request?

A

comfort, protection

54
Q

people report about 1 emotion episode per day being shared with them = ______ sharing, people share about 75% of these = ______ sharing

A

primary, secondary

55
Q

more intense episodes of emotion are _____ likely to be shared

A

more

56
Q

what are the effects of sharing emotions?

A

doesn’t reduce impact of emotion (can heighten by reactivating memory of events), strengthens social bonds, distributes knowledge about important events across a social community

57
Q

what are the 3 main types of social motivation that emotions help with?

A

attachment, affiliation, assertion

58
Q

what were the 4 most damaging behaviours found in couples talking about a conflict event (Gottman study)?

A

criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling, contempt

59
Q

which behaviour was the most toxic (Gottman)?

A

contempt > diminishes partner as does criticism

60
Q

what gives rise to our emotions?

A

affective events

61
Q

does a bad or good event have a stronger effect on how people feel?

A

bad event

62
Q

what do people prioritise when distressed?

A

immediate gratification e.g. people eat more when start to feel sad

social 2 (14 decks)

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