the michelangelo phenomenon Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 theories of self comparison (comparing me to me)?

A

control theory of self regulation, self-discrepancy theory

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2
Q

what are the 2 theories of individual comparison (comparing me to others)?

A

social comparison theory, self evaluation maintenance model

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3
Q

what is the theory of group comparison (comparing my group to other groups)?

A

social identity approach

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4
Q

examines the self to assess if we are meeting our personal goals. if not > take corrective action > re-operate > re-appraise. what theory is this?

A

control theory of self-regulation

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5
Q

what are the criticisms of the control theory of self-regulation?

A

optimistic view > not as easy as this. doesn’t account for emotions, procrastination, individual differences etc

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6
Q

what are the 3 types of self in the self-discrepancy theory?

A

actual, ideal, ought

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7
Q

explain the concept of the self-discrepancy theory?

A

people are motivated to ensure that their actual self matches their ideal and ought self. discrepancies lead to psychological discomfort

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8
Q

what was found in Higgins study at reported emotions between actual vs (ideal/ought) discrepancies?

A

actual-ideal > dejection (sad/depressed),

actual-ought > agitation (anxious)

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9
Q

what is a key criticism for theories of self comparison? (hint: 3 words)

A

cognitive source depletion

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10
Q

with social comparison theory if we are really interested in accuracy of ourselves what might we do?

A

make comparisons in both directions (upwards, downwards)

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11
Q

how we maintain positive self esteem while comparing against others = which theory?

A

self evaluation maintenance model

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12
Q

how do we deal with our self esteem when someone is more successful than us?

A

social reflection, upward social comparison

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13
Q

deriving a sense of value from the accomplishments of those close to us without looking at our own achievement =

A

social reflection

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14
Q

in social identity theory what are the 2 important aspects of the self?

A

social and personal identity (both context dependent)

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15
Q

self schemas guide our behaviour but we can’t use every aspect of all of them to guide everything we do so which do we use?

A

most salient self schemas at the time > defined by the context we are in

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16
Q

what do group norms define?

A

collective identities

17
Q

what did Turner et al find when coming up with the self-categorisation theory?

A

when an individuals social identity is made salient they perceive themselves more in terms of the shared group features so adhere more to group norms

18
Q

theories that look at the role of other people and how they ‘shape’ the actual self or the ideal self =

A

interdependence theories

19
Q

describes an individuals dreams and aspirations that an individual ideally wishes to acquire =

A

ideal self

20
Q

as humans what 3 things are we motivated towards?

A

self assessment, self verification, self enhancement

21
Q

phenomenon that is an interpersonal model of how significant others shape or hinder our pursuit of our self goals =

A

the michelangelo phenomenon

22
Q

what are the 3 hypotheses in the Michelangelo model?

A

partner affirmation hypothesis, movement towards the ideal self hypothesis, well-being hypothesis

23
Q

hypothesis that your partner either helps you move towards your ideal self or inhibits you from moving toward your ideal self =

A

partner affirmation hypothesis

24
Q

what are the 2 components of partner affirmation?

A

partner PERCEPTUAL affirmation, partner BEHAVIOURAL affirmation

25
the extent to which the partner perceives the target in ways that are compatible with the targets ideal self =
partner perceptual affirmation
26
partner behaves in ways that support the target to achieve their ideal self (or not) =
partner behavioural affirmation
27
affirmation = ______ element, disaffirmation = _________ element
supportive, non-supportive
28
key to enabling/disabling people's movement to achieve their ideal self and for growth striving =
partner affirmation
29
when a partner perceives and behaves in a way over and above how the target sees themselves e.g. positivity and praise =
partner enhancement
30
when a partners behaviour is congruent with how the person sees themselves as they are now (their actual self) =
partner verification
31
where the partner perceives and behaves towards the target in a way that reflects their own ideas as to what they partner should become (idea that the partner thinks they know best) = what phenomenon?
pygmalion phenomenon
32
what did Rusbult et al (2009) find that partner affirmation related to that partner disaffirmation did not?
related to personal growth and movement towards the ideal self and partner well-being
33
strong associations have been found between _______ partner affirmation and movements towards the ideal self
perceived