applied social psychology: personality

Question 1

what are the 2 main pathways that personality affects health?

Answer 1

direct and indirect

Question 2

health = \_\_\_\_\_\_ route,
stress = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ route

Answer 2

indirect, direct

Question 3

direct physiological effect on immune system through stress which has beneficial or harmful effects depending on personality traits =

Answer 3

direct route

Question 4

health behaviours that are fewer in protective and more unhealthy behaviours that combine to increase risk of illness =

Answer 4

indirect route

Question 5

what is the difference in time for the direct route and indirect route?

Answer 5

direct = quicker impact, indirect = effects take longer to manifest

Question 6

give an example of how both routes can work together

Answer 6

when stressed people don’t engage in health protective behaviours during a stressful period (exams) they may engage in more unhealthy behaviours e.g. eating, smoking, bad sleep patterns

Question 7

what are the big five OCEAN traits?

Answer 7

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Question 8

why is openness associated with heathy behaviours?

Answer 8

component of intellect > suggests they are more informed about health and ways to protect themselves from health risks

Question 9

why is conscientiousness most consistently linked to health promoting behaviours?

Answer 9

characteristics like goal orientated, organised, self discipline > helps them stick to well practiced healthy behaviours

Question 10

why can extroversion go either way with practicing risky or healthy behaviours?

Answer 10

more sociable so if stressed you have social support, but sociable comes with peer pressure to binge drink and smoke and extraverts like exciting risky behaviours

Question 11

why might people with the agreeableness trait have health promoting behaviours?

Answer 11

associated with trusting other people

Question 12

why does neuroticism create risks for unhealthy behaviours?

Answer 12

anxious and emotionally unstable traits, worry about health increases stress

Question 13

what model describes personality traits that are associated with higher levels of positive affect and lower levels of negative affect will be associated with health promoting behaviours (and vice versa)?

Answer 13

Self-regulation resource model

Question 14

_____ + emotions and ______ - emotions will promote health behaviours and reduce risky behaviours

Answer 14

higher, lower

Question 15

which 2 of the big traits are both high on + emotions and low on - emotions which have an overall increase in positive affect?

Answer 15

conscientiousness, agreeableness

Question 16

which trait is high on - emotions and low on + emotions which have an overall increase in negative affect?

Answer 16

neuroticism

Question 17

tendency to experience frequent cognitions about the attainment of ideal standards =

Answer 17

perfectionism

Question 18

what are the 2 dimensions of perfectionism?

Answer 18

perfectionistic concerns, perfectionistic strivings

Question 19

perfectionists that are hard on themselves and have more concerns than strivings produce a ______ affect of emotions which made lead to ______ health promoting behaviours

Answer 19

negative, reduced

Question 20

perfectionistic concerns = ______ health behaviours

Answer 20

reduced

Question 21

perfectionistic strivings = _____ health behaviours

Answer 21

increased

Question 22

are the 2 perfectionist dimensions discrete?

Answer 22

no, they can both overlap and correlate (like a venn-diagram)

Question 23

what are the different measures of multidimensional perfectionism?

Answer 23

revised almost perfect scale, MPS, wellness behaviours inventory (WBI)

Question 24

why is it important to study personality and health?

Answer 24

small, but when small effects aggregate at population level they are considered large with routinely consequential effects

Question 25

personality traits can create _____ or ______ for health outcomes

Answer 25

risk, resilience