THEORY OF CHANGE

Question 1

Who created and when the Transtheoretical Model

Answer 1

Prochaska and DiClemente 1983

Question 2

What was it created for

Answer 2

Explain the stages of change when voluntarily giving up smoking

Question 3

What is it also known as

Answer 3

Stages of Change model

Question 4

What are the other constructs which influence behaviour change

Answer 4

decision balance, process of change, self-efficacy and temptation

Question 5

What are the five stages of behaviour change

Answer 5

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance

Question 6

Do people move through these stages in sequence

Answer 6

No, they can move in different directions

Question 7

What did Prochaska and DiClemente suggest

Answer 7

In 86, suggested that they change in a cyclical way going through periods of growth and relapse

Question 8

How long does the maintenance stage last

Answer 8

6 months or longer although they are still at risk of relapsing

Question 9

How long before “termination”

Answer 9

Maintenance for over 5 years

Question 10

What is Decision Balance

Answer 10

Evaluation of pro and con of taking action. Proposed first by Janis and Mann 1977

Question 11

Explain self-efficacy

Answer 11

confidence in the ability to carry out particular behaviour

Question 12

What is the Process of Change

Answer 12

Specific strategies to help move between stages of change

Question 13

Who created the 10 strategies for change and when

Answer 13

Prochaska and Velicer 1997

Question 14

How are the 10 strategies divided

Answer 14

Cognitive and Behavioural

Question 15

Name the Cognitive processes of change

Answer 15

Consciousness-raising, Dramatic relief, self-re-evaluation, Environmental re-evaluation, and social liberation

Question 16

Name the Behavioural processes of change

Answer 16

Self-liberation, counterconditioning, stimulus control, contingency management, helping relationships

Question 17

What is consciousness raising

Answer 17

Raise awareness, causes, problems, consequences

Question 18

What is dramatic relief

Answer 18

Emotional connection like media no smoking adverts, aids

Question 19

What is self-re-evaluation

Answer 19

Self reflection on your image and health before and after changes

Question 20

What is environmental re-evaluation

Answer 20

Effect of their behaviour on others, like an example to children

Question 21

What is social liberation

Answer 21

Ability to take advantage of all leisure activities due to improved health

Question 22

Name 5 behavioural process of changes

Answer 22

self-liberation, counterconditioning, stimulus control, contingency management, helping relationships

Question 23

What is self liberation

Answer 23

Belief on change and committing to do so

Question 24

What is counterconditioning

Answer 24

Health replacements for poor choices in food and exercise and pa

Question 25

What is Stimulus control

Answer 25

Leaving positive stimulus rather than negative stimulus - trainers at the door or move and hide chocolate

Question 26

What is contingency management

Answer 26

Rewards for achieving goals,unexpected may be praise or feedback

Question 27

What is helping relationships

Answer 27

Having social and personal support

Question 28

What is the final construct that may affect progress

Answer 28

Temptation

Question 29

Pros of TTM

Answer 29

.Useful across many changes (Nigg et al 2010) Has helped to id stage of change (Blissmer and McAuley 2002)

Question 30

Cons of TTM

Answer 30

Problem with the application of the model to pa (Williams et al 2002), multiple behaviour changes do not always suit this model. questions over the 6-month and other timeframes. Weakness may be down to application by practitioners.