Theories of Leadership Flashcards
Define Leadership?
An individual having enough influence over others to motivate them to follow their own set goals.
Name the characteristics of a good leader?
- motivated/ enthusiastic
- good COMMUNICATION and LISTENING skills
- clear goals/ visions
- large amount of empathy/ understanding of others
- good knowledge of sport
- ambitious
- well developed perceptual skills
- confident
- GOOD AT SPORT- high ability
- Flexible leadership styles
Name the three theories of Leadership?
Trait Perspective
Social Learning Theory
Interactionist Theory
(4th= the CONTINGENCY APPROACH)
=the same as the theories of personality so make sure don’t confuse the topics of the theories
Describe the Trait Theory of Leadership?
Certain traits determine certain patterns of behaviour
- Leaders within this theory have a “genetic disposition”/ innate characteristic’s that show leader qualities
- Also known as the “Great Man Theory”
- DOSENT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE ENVIRONMENT
- Part of your personality
- STABLE, ENDURING AND UNCHANGEABLE
- Generalised across all situations of leadership
- Certain traits produce certain patterns of behaviour
Evaluate the Trait Theory of Leadership?
+widely agreed that leaders DO have some characteristics from birth that allow them to be good leaders
+some people are effective leaders in ALL situations
- females also make good leaders
- may not be fully down to genetic traits
- no consideration of the environment
- many leaders do not show leadership characteristics unless others are present to be copied/ INFLUECNES are present
Describe the Social Learning Theory of Leadership?
Believes leadership characteristics are learnt from others
WATCH AND COPY
VICARIOUS LEARNING
More likely to copy if the role model is of a high status and shows high leadership skills
Vicarious learning can be both successful and unsuccessful
Leadership behaviour is learnt if it is REINFORCED/ VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENT
Evaluate the Social Learning Theory of Leadership?
+DOES take into account the environment
+behaviours of others are watched and copied- Vicarious Learning
+some leadership qualities can be learnt eg: organisation
- doesn’t take into account original traits of personality
- different people watching the same role model may not display the same high level of leadership
- doesn’t take into account “NATURAL BORN LEADERS”
- it ignores inherited traits
Describe the Interactionist Theory of Learning?
An individual may have traits that they were born with but these traits become MORE EFFICIENT IN CERTAIN SITUATIONS/ under specific demands
“traits and environment interact”
-You show innate, born leadership skills when the situation demands it eg: may not be a leader in everyday life, but show leadership qualities in sport
Can be seen through situational experience and changing environments
When the situation demands it, certain traits will appear
Evaluate the Interactionist Theory of Leadership?
+accounts for the fact that some people are not generally leaders in everyday life, but can show it in some sport situations
+most widely accepted
+agrees genetic traits CAN influence
- doesn’t take into account people can simply be born as natural leaders, CONSTANTLY
- doesn’t take into account people who are persistent/ consistent in their behaviour
eg: a school pupil is Head Boy, captain of the Rugby Team and runs an Exercise Class
What are the two main types of leaders?
EMERGENT-comes from WITHIN the group and selected by the group because they are skilful
+win “hearts and minds” +on their side/ one of their own +not seen as a threat
-lacks objectivity- may find it hard to make absolute decisions
-can show favouritism/ have own friendships
PRESCRIBED- imposed on the group by OUSTIDE factors eg: FA decides the England Manager
+objective, new approach on performance
+“fresh” set of eyes
+new creative strategies to improve performance
-could have a different system that doesn’t work
-delay in decision making= takes time
What is an Autocratic leadership approach?
“task orientated”
AUTHORITARIAN
- command approach
- task/ goal orientated
- leaders make most of the decisions
- dictatorial
\+with males \+in dangerous situations \+when discipline and control are needed \+with cognitive beginners eg: teaching beginner rock climbers \+unfavourable situations
What is a Laissez-Faire Leadership style?
-LAYED BACK very little DIRECT INFLUENCE
Make very few decisions
Give very little feedback
-Could act as a CONSULTANT/ take a back seat
-Individuals do as they wish/ set their own pace
+when the leader has faith in members capabilities
+in non dangerous situations
+when leaders need to assess group members
+with advanced performers to increase CREATIVITY
What is a Democratic Leadership Style?
“social-orientated”
PERSON ORIENTATED/COLLABORATION
- Shows interest in the individuals within the group
- Values the views of group members
- Share decision making
+with females
+when a leaders personality is more democratic/ sociable
+with high level/ elite performers
+with advanced, automatous performers
+when task demands increased interpersonal decision making
+moderately favourable situations
What’s the fourth, more recent approach to leadership?
The Contingency Approach
- a more recent approach
- suggests that “some traits that people possess can be more effective in some leadership situations and less so in others”
- leadership qualities may be seen in situations of high anxiety when a team is loosing or in situations that need democratic decision making
- SIMPILISTIC
- FAILS TO take into account other affecting factors such as the environment and role models
Chelladurai’s Multi-Dimensional Model of Sport Leadership?
DRAW OUT
Includes Antecedents, Leader Behaviour and the Consequences of these factors
