Attribution Flashcards
Define Attribution ?
The reasons/justifications and excuses that we give for winning, loosing or drawing in sports competitions.
Attribution Key Points- linked to MOTIVATION
- Attribution is closely linked to motivation
- Due to the fact it is linked to motivation it means that it affects FUTURE:
- PERFORMANCES
- EFFORT
- PARTICIPATION LEVELS
Describe and draw the “Basic Attribution” Model ?
You receive the outcome of the event (win/ loss)
You then receive the available income that has lead to this ( the score eg: 32-12)
CASUAL ATTRIBUTION= reason/ justification eg: you didn’t put in enough effort
= Expectancy (of future result) \+ Affective Response (emotions/ feelings eg: pride or shame)
Decision on subsequent performance/ participation
Describe and draw the “Basic Attribution” Model ?
You receive the outcome of the event (win/ loss)
You then receive the available income that has lead to this ( the score eg: 32-12)
CASUAL ATTRIBUTION= reason/ justification eg: you didn’t put in enough effort
= Expectancy (of future result) \+ Affective Response (emotions/ feelings eg: pride or shame)
Decision on subsequent performance/ participation
Outline Weiner’s model of Attribution?
Locus of Causality?
- He identified four main reasons for performance/ results
LOCUS OF CASUALITY= location of the attributions
- INTERNAL- ability and effort
- EXTERNAL- task difficulty and luck
Outline Weiner’s model of Attribution?
Stability?
Weather the situation/ attribution is stable or changeable
STABLE= ability and task difficulty= can change UNSTABLE= effort and luck= can't change
Weiner’s model: Stable and Internal?
ABILITY- you won the game due to your shooting ability
Weiner’s model: Stable and Internal?
Task Difficulty- the team that you were playing were at the top of the league and you were at the bottom of the netball league
Weiner’s model: Unstable and Internal?
Effort- you put a lot of effort into the netball game and made many interceptions meaning that you played to a high standard
Weiner’s model: Unstable and External?
Luck- the ball bounced out of the netball attackers hands into your direction and you were able to catch the ball and gain possession for your team
Define “Controllability” ?
The third element to his model: LOCUS OF CASUALTY, STABILITY, CONTROLABLITY
Determines weather the attributions are under the control of the performer or under the control of others.
EFFORT= the ONLY controllable factor
TASK DIF. ABILITY AND LUCK= all uncontrollable
Define “Self- Serving Bias” ?
The tendency of sports performers to attribute their failures to external causes (eg: task difficulty and luck) and their successes to internal causes (eg: effort, ability)
Protects SELF-ESTEEM/ EGO
“Any cognitive process that is DISTORTED by the need to maintain and enhance self esteem”
Define “Learned Helplessness”?
The feeling that failure is INEVITABLE
-usually the result of previous failures which have been attributed to STABLE, INTERNAL, CHANGABLE attributions
Define “Mastery Orientation”?
When an individual is motivated to become an expert
-someone with mastery orientation will purposefully attribute failure to internal, controllable factors eg: lack of effort, and they will strive to do better
- seek to acquire new skills and master new situations
- not concerned about their performance relative to others
Define “Attribution Retraining”?
=changing attributions to more positive ones (eg: lack of ability to LUCK)
=changing from lack of effort to having the wrong tactics/ a slight alternation of technique is needed
Can lead from change from learned helplessness to mastery orientation.
EG:
Someone who is attributing their lack of interceptions as GD in netball to their ability may want to RETRAIN and change their attributions to LUCK therefore increasing self-serving bias, increasing self- esteem and therefore motivation.
