Memory Models

Question 1

Detail the different components of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s Multi- store memory model?

Answer 1

Incoming information
Short Term Sensory Store (STSS)- can hold for 1/4 to 1 seconds
Unattended information is lost, limitless capacity.
SELECTIVE ATTENTION
Short term Memory
Encoding. Decoding (retrieval)
-Can hold info for 30 secs and 7(+-2) pieces of information. “Working memory, info interpreted”
Retrieves info from……
Long term Memory
- Can hold information for long periods of time, limitless capacity. Learnt motor programmes stored
-“Schema are stored”

Question 2

Define selective attention?

Answer 2

RELEVANT information is FILTERED through into the STM.

Question 3

Two levels Craik and Lockhart’s levels of processing?

Answer 3

Shallow processing and deep processing.

Question 4

What are the shallow levels of processing?

Answer 4

1. STRUCTURAL PROCESSING- when we encode only the physical qualities of something eg: seeing a tennis player serving.
2. PHONETIC PROCESSING- we encode it’s sound
   eg: listening to a coach describing how to perform a tennis serve

Only involves maintenance rehearsal and leads to fairly short term retention

Question 5

What is the deep level of processing?

Answer 5

3. SEMANTIC PROCESSING - when we encode the meaning of a word/ action and relate it to similar words AND ACTIONS.

More meaningful analysis
eg: rounders overarm to javelin throw

Question 6

Evaluate the Multi-store Memory Model?

Answer 6

+ Easy and simple to understand
+ Explains how those with brain damage may have a dysfunctional memory, showing a distinction between short and long term memory.
+Chunking has been proved to be effective
+Explains how info is filtered to STM

• Too simplified
• Doesn’t explain why we remember different types of information eg: coaches explanation rather than a diagram
• Doesn’t prove distinctions between STM and LTM.
• Doesn’t state how much rehearsal is needed to encode

Question 7

Evaluate the levels of processing approach?

Answer 7

+ Explains if we remember information we are more likely to remember it
+Explains that the longer we consider and analyse information the more we remember it

• Difficulty defining what “deep “ means
• Doesn’t take into account individual differences eg: those who show determination to learn
• The depth of processing doesn’t always help to remember

Question 8

Strategies to help increase memory storage?

Answer 8

REHERASAL/ PRACTICE- to form motor programmes, “grooving”
MENTAL REHERSAL- thinking through routines/ patterns of movement
MEANIGFUL INFORMATION- understanding importance
ASSOCIATION/ LINKING- positive transfer, developing an S-R bond.
POSITIVE FEEDBACK/REINFORCEMENT
CHAINING/ SEQUENCING

Question 9

Factors affecting levels of processing?

Answer 9

Meaningful/ Useful?
If info is Understood
Deeper processing= more likely to be understood