Agression In Sport

Question 1

Define aggression?

Answer 1

DELIBERATE intention to harm or injure another person

• not within the rules of the game
• can be verbal
• disrupts team performance and cohesion

Question 2

Define Assertion

Answer 2

FORCEFUL behaviour within the laws of the sport/ event.

• Involves forceful/ robust play
• Known as “channeled play“

Question 3

What factors can affect aggression?

Also known as cues/ antecedents.

Answer 3

Weapons (Rounders bat)

Nature of the Game (boxing, ice hockey)

Places (boxing ring)

People (playing against a rival)

Nature of the event
Perceived unfairness
Witnessing Violence

Question 4

What are the four theories of Aggression?

Answer 4

Instinct theory
Social learning theory
Frustration- Aggression hypothesis
Frustration- Cue Hypothesis

Question 5

Key points and Evaluate each key theory:

Answer 5

See cards:

Question 6

Draw out the Frustration- Aggression hypothesis diagram?

Answer 6

Drive to goal= need to win

Obstacle to goal stands in way

Leads to frustration automatically- will ALWAYS lead to aggression

Aggression
Either: Success and Catharsis

Or

       Punishment and increased frustration

Question 7

Draw out the Frustration- Cue hypothesis diagram?

Answer 7

Frustration eg: from blocking of goal

Increased arousal eg: anger

Either:
Presence of Aggressive cues- increased likelihood of aggression

Or

No prescience of Aggressive cues- decreased likelihood of aggression

Question 8

Negatives of Frustration- Aggression Hypothesis?

Answer 8

• Frustration does not always lead to aggression
• Sometimes aggression occurs with no evidence of frustration
• Therefore Berkowitz stated that frustration can make a performer POTENTIALLY aggressive.

Question 9

Negatives of Frustration - Cue aggression?

Answer 9

• Better players have the capacity to control frustration and arousal even when aggressive cues are present
• Doesn’t take into account individual differences

Question 10

Negatives of the Frustration- Aggression Hypothesis?

Answer 10

• Frustration doesn’t always lead to aggression.
• Sometimes aggression occurs with no evidence of frustration
• Doesn’t take into account individual differences

Question 11

Negative of the Frustration- Cue Hypothesis?

Answer 11

• Better/ elite players have the capacity to control frustration and arousal even when cues are present
• Not all players act in aggressive manners

Question 12

What methods may be used to illuminate aggressive tenancies in sport performers?

Answer 12

Lower your arousal/ Mentally relax (cognitive)
Taking deep breaths/ biofeedback (somatic/ physical)
Reinforce non- aggression eg: use positive reinforcement
Punishment
Educate eg: know how and why it’s wrong
Removal (remove from situation/ game)

Question 13

Evaluate the Instinct theory?

Answer 13

+ It can be a natural human instinct to show aggression
+ Aggression can be hard to control
+ Aggression can be predictable in some people
+ You can feel a release of aggression/ catharsis when channelling aggression in sport.

• Not all humans/ cultures show aggression in sport
• Too generalised and SIMPILISTIC
• Often aggression isn’t spontaneous and is instead provoked
• People can learn to control their aggressive instincts
• The environment/ situation can also affect it (social learning theory….)