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aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's > The Vestibular System > Flashcards

The Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are otoconia?

A

calcium carbonate crystals in the saccule and utricle

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2
Q

Each vestibular hair cell has a bundle of _____-filled stereocilia projecting from its apical surface in a staircase-like pattern.

A

actin

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3
Q

This is a specialized patch of epi in the ampulla of the semicircular canals that contains the sensory hair cells.

A

crista

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4
Q

Each hair cell has a single _____, which is the tallest cilium located at one side of the hair bundle.

A

kinocilium

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5
Q

In the saccule, the hair bundles are oriented facing ____ the striola.

A

away from

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6
Q

Within each crista, all of the hair cells have their stereocilia _____.

A

oriented the same way

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7
Q

Adjacent cilia are connected by ____ which are attached at their lower end to ion channels.

A

tip links

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8
Q

The base of the hair cells is bathed in _____.

A

perilymph

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9
Q

From where does the inferior (descending) vestibular nucleus receive input?

A

the utricles, saccule, and semicircular canals, with spinal and cerebellar input, too

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10
Q

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

A

they detect angular acceleration

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11
Q

From where does the lateral (Deiter’s) vestibular nucleus receive input?

A

the utricles, with spinal and cerebellar input, too

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12
Q

The medial and superior vestibular nuclei give rise to the _____.

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

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13
Q

Where is the saccule?

A

it hangs vertically on the lateral wall of the vestibule

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14
Q

What is the otolithic membrane? What is its purpose?

A

a gelatinous mass that holds the otoconia in place

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15
Q

Vestibular afferent nerves project to the _____.

A

ipsilateral vestibular nuclei at the border of the caudal pons and rostral medulla

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16
Q

From where does the superior vestibular nucleus receive input?

A

the semicircular canals

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17
Q

In the utricle, the axes of polarity of the hair cells is towards the _____.

A

striola

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18
Q

What tract does the medial vestibular nucleus comprise?

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

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19
Q

lateral (Deiter’s) vestibular nucleus –> lateral vestibulospinal tract –> _________ (outcome)

A

excitation of extensor muscles of the limbs

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20
Q

What are the vestibular sensory organs?

A
  • the utricle
  • the saccule
  • the 3 ampullae of the semicircular canal organs
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21
Q

What are the 4 major vestibular nuclei?

A

superior lateral (Deiter’s) medial inferior (descending)

22
Q

Where is the utricle?

A

at the floor of the vestibule

23
Q

What detects linear acceleration of the head and position w/ respect to gravity?

A

the otolith organs

24
Q

What do the otolith organs do?

A

detect linear acceleration of the head and position w/ respect to gravity

25
Q

What is the striola?

A

a central region of the epithelium in the utricle and saccule

26
Q

The semicircular canals project mainly to the _____.

A

medial and superior vestibular nuclei

27
Q

In the anterior and posterior canals, the hair cells are oriented with their kinocilia facing _____.

A

away from the utricle

28
Q

What is the swelling at the end of each semicircular canal?

A

the ampulla

29
Q

What hair bundles would inform the brain if you were riding in an elevator?

A

the saccular hair bundles

30
Q

Vestibular afferent nerves have cell bodies in _____.

A

Scarpa’s ganglion

31
Q

These are calcium carbonate crystals in the saccule and utricle.

A

otoconia

32
Q

Since the saccular hair bundles project horizontally, they are sensitive to ____ displacement of the head.

A

vertical

33
Q

The hair bundles are bathed in _____.

A

endolymph

34
Q

In the _____ canals, the hair cells are oriented with their kinocilia facing towards the utricle.

A

horizontal semicircular

35
Q

The utricles send afferents to the _____ and also to the _____.

A

lateral vestibular nucleus; medial and inferior nucleus

36
Q

What is found within each ampulla? What does it contain?

A

the crista containing the sensory hair cells

37
Q

In the ______ canals, the hair cells are oriented with their kinocilia facing away from the utricle.

A

anterior and posterior

38
Q

What happens when the tip links pull the bundle towards the kinocilium?

A

the mechano-transduction channels open –> cations from endolymph enter hair cells –> depolarizes –> NT released

39
Q

inferior (descending) vestibular nucleus –> vermal cerebellum –> ______ (location)

A

reticular formation and brainstem

40
Q

What detects angular acceleration?

A

the semicircular canals

41
Q

The saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals all project to the ____.

A

inferior vestibular nucleus

42
Q

What tract does the lateral (Deiter’s) vestibular nucleus comprise?

A

the lateral vestibulospinal tract

43
Q

In the horizontal semicircular canals, the hair cells are oriented with their kinocilia facing ______.

A

towards the utricle

44
Q

When do mechano-tranduction channels open?

A

when the tip links pull the bundle towards the kinocilium

45
Q

What is the crista?

A

a specialized patch of epi in the ampulla of the semicircular canals that contains the sensory hair cells

46
Q

From where does the medial vestibular nucleus receive input?

A

the utricles and semicircular canals

47
Q

medial vestibular nucleus –> medial longitudinal fasciculus –> _____ (outcome)

A

coordination of eye and head movements

48
Q

In the ____, the axes of polarity of the hair cells is towards the striola.

A

utricle

49
Q

Hair cells convert _____ stimuli to _____.

A

mechanical –> receptor potentials

50
Q

In the ____, the hair bundles are oriented facing away from the striola.

A

saccule

51
Q

What do the semicircular canals do?

A

detect angular acceleration

aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's (20 decks)

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