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aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tx for angle closure glaucoma?

A
  • laser
  • peripheral iridotomy
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2
Q

What is subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A

a ruptured BV under the conjunctiva

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3
Q

What is the tx for subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A

none- usu resolves in 1 week

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4
Q

____ is a reactivation of VZV affecting the eyes.

A

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

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5
Q

This is a gradual clouding of the eye’s natural lens –> progressive decline in vision.

A

cataracts

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6
Q

Dx?

  • ocular/periorbital eye pain
  • photophobia
  • blurred/cloudy vision
  • redness near the limbuss
  • irregular shaped pupil
A

iritis

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7
Q

What can cause cataracts in younger pts?

A
  • diabetes
  • steroids
  • trauma radiation
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8
Q

What is the tx for corneal ulcers?

A
  • small = hourly fluoroquinolone
  • large = culture, fortified Abx (vanc, tobra)
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9
Q

What color does the eye appear in viral conjunctivitis?

A

pink

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10
Q

What is corneal abrasion?

A

a very painful scratch involving the cornea

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11
Q

What are the s/s of Herpetic keratitis?

A
  • unilateral eye redness
  • pain, photophobia
  • decreased vision
  • tearing
  • fluorescein shows dendritic epi ulcers in branching patterns with terminal bulbs
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12
Q

What is the tx for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Abx eye drops x 1 week (fluorooquinolone)

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13
Q

What are the s/s of iritis?

A
  • ocular/periorbital eye pain
  • photophobia
  • blurred/cloudy vision
  • redness near the limbus
  • irregular shaped pupil
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14
Q

What is open angle glaucoma?

A

a progressive disease of the optic nerve assoc. with increased intraocular pressure

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15
Q

What are the s/s of angle closure glaucoma?

A
  • unilateral severe eye pain
  • nausea
  • redness
  • blurred vision
  • halos around lights
  • sluggish, mid-dilated pupil
  • conjunctival injection
  • hazy cornea and shallow anterior chamber
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16
Q

What is the tx for iritis?

A
  • topical steroid eye drops
  • dilating eye drops
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17
Q

____ is a common viral infection that affects the corneal epi.

A

Herpetic keratitis

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18
Q

This is a progressive disease of the optic nerve assoc. with increased intraocular pressure.

A

open angle glaucoma

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19
Q

What can cause bilateral red eyes?

A
  • dry eyes
  • allergic conjunctivits
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20
Q

What is pterygium?

A

a benign fibrocascular tumor that is UV induced

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21
Q

What is the tx for viral conjunctivitis?

A
  • usu. self limiting; good hand hygeine and cool compresses, artificial tears
  • severe case: topical steroid eye drops
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22
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A
  • pink eye inflammation of the conjunctiva
  • caused by virus or bacteria
  • few days in duration
  • eye pain, discharge, blurred vision, mattering of eyelids in the morning
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23
Q

What is the tx for Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?

A
  • oral acyclovir or valacyclovir
  • artificial tears
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24
Q

What is the tx herpetic keratitis?

A
  • topical trifluridine
  • oral acyclovir
  • contact lenses
  • corneal transplants
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25
Q

What is Herpetic keratitis?

A

a viral infection of the corneal epi, usu by HSV1

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26
Q

Dx?

  • unilateral severe eye pain
  • nausea
  • redness
  • blurred vision
  • halos around lights
  • sluggish, mid-dilated pupil
  • conjunctival injection
  • hazy cornea and shallow anterior chamber
A

angle closure glaucoma

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27
Q

____ is when the eye progressively loses its ability to focus on near objects.

A

Presbyopia

28
Q

What is the most common causative organism of conjunctivitis?

A

adenovirus

29
Q

Is bacterial or viral conjunctivitis more common?

A

viral

30
Q

What is the tx for cataracts?

A

surgery (phacoemulsification and replacement lens)

31
Q

What can cause corneal ulcers?

A
  • bacteria (Staph. aureus, Pseudomonas)
  • fungi (Fusarium)
  • protozoa (Acanthamoeba)
32
Q

____ occurs when the optical power of the eye is too small and causes light to focus behind the retina.

A

Far-sightedness

33
Q

Who most commonly gets itiris?

A

20-40yos

34
Q

What does a Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus lesion on the tip of the nose often predict?

A

ocular manifestations

35
Q

Dx?

  • acute onset severe pain, redness, decreased vision
  • eyelid swelling
  • white infiltrate in the cornea
  • thinning of the cornea
A

corneal ulcer

36
Q

What are the s/s of corneal ulcer?

A
  • acute onset severe pain, redness, decreased vision
  • eyelid swelling
  • white infiltrate in the cornea
  • thinning of the cornea
37
Q

What are some complications from herpetic keratitis?

A

corneal scars –> blurred vision

38
Q

What are some of the long-term affects of corneal ulcers?

A
  • corneal scars
  • permanent vision loss
  • corneal perforation
39
Q

What is the tx for corneal abrasion?

A
  • mild = frequent artificial tears and topical Abx
  • large = Abx ointment and patch; oral analgesics
40
Q

What is the tx for dry eye?

A
  • artificial tears
  • flax seed oil
  • omega-3 vitamins
  • medicated eye drops
  • punctual plugs
41
Q

What is a benign fibrocascular tumor that is UV induced?

A

pterygium

42
Q

What are the s/s of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?

A
  • prodromal period of fatigue
  • low grade fever
  • unilateral rash on forehead, upper eyelid, and nose
  • unilateral eye pain
  • redness
  • decreased vision
  • photophobia
43
Q

Dx?

  • inflammation of the conjunctiva
  • caused by virus or bacteria
  • few days in duration
  • eye pain, discharge, blurred vision, mattering of eyelids in the morning
A

conjunctivitis

44
Q

This is an infection of the corneal stroma.

A

corneal ulcer

45
Q

What color does the eye appear in bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

red

46
Q

What is the tx for pterygium?

A
  • artificial tears
  • sunglasses
  • vasoconstrictors
  • conjunctival autograft with tissel glue
47
Q

What is a corneal ulcer?

A

an infection of the corneal stroma

48
Q

What are some risk factors for subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A
  • sneezing
  • coughing
  • excessive eye rubbing
  • trauma
49
Q

Who gets angle closure glaucoma?

A

Asians; 60s-70s yo

50
Q

Dx?

  • unilateral eye redness
  • pain, photophobia
  • decreased vision
  • tearing
  • fluorescein shows dendritic epi ulcers in branching patterns with terminal bulbs
A

herpetic keratitis

51
Q

What are the most common causative organisms in bacterial conjunctivitis?

A
  • Staph. aureus
  • Strep. pneumoniae
52
Q

When does conjunctivitis most commonly occur?

A

post URI

53
Q

Astigmatism describes the shape of the cornea and causes light to focus ______.

A

in front or behind the retina

54
Q

Near-sightedness occurs when the optical power of the eye is too large and causes light to focus _____.

A

in front of the retina

55
Q

Dx?

  • prodromal period of fatigue
  • low grade fever
  • unilateral rash on forehead, upper eyelid, and nose
  • unilateral eye pain
  • redness
  • decreased vision
  • photophobia
A

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

56
Q

____ occurs when the optical power of the eye is too large and causes light to focus in front of the retina.

A

Near-sightedness

57
Q

Far-sightedness occurs when the optical power of the eye is too small and causes light to focus _____.

A

behind the retina

58
Q

What systemic conditions can cause dry eye?

A
  • RA
  • lupus
  • Grave’s disease
59
Q

What is iritis?

A

inflammation of the iris

60
Q

What are cataracts?

A

a gradual clouding of the eye’s natural lens –> progressive decline in vision

61
Q

What medications can cause dry eye?

A
  • antihistamines
  • pain meds
  • antidepressants
62
Q

This is a ruptured BV under the conjunctiva.

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

63
Q

Presbyopia is when the eye ______.

A

progressively loses its ability to focus on near objects

64
Q

_____ describes the shape of the cornea and causes light to focus in front or behind the retina.

A

Astigmatism

65
Q

What can cause a unilateral red eye?

A
  • viral/bacterial conjunctivitis
  • iritis
  • corneal abrasion
  • corneal ulcer
  • herpes simplex
  • herpes zoster opthalmicus
  • subconjunctival hemorrhage
66
Q

This is a very painful scratch involving the cornea.

A

corneal abrasion

aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's (20 decks)

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