Ophthalmology Flashcards
What is the tx for angle closure glaucoma?
- laser
- peripheral iridotomy
What is subconjunctival hemorrhage?
a ruptured BV under the conjunctiva
What is the tx for subconjunctival hemorrhage?
none- usu resolves in 1 week
____ is a reactivation of VZV affecting the eyes.
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
This is a gradual clouding of the eye’s natural lens –> progressive decline in vision.
cataracts
Dx?
- ocular/periorbital eye pain
- photophobia
- blurred/cloudy vision
- redness near the limbuss
- irregular shaped pupil
iritis
What can cause cataracts in younger pts?
- diabetes
- steroids
- trauma radiation
What is the tx for corneal ulcers?
- small = hourly fluoroquinolone
- large = culture, fortified Abx (vanc, tobra)
What color does the eye appear in viral conjunctivitis?
pink
What is corneal abrasion?
a very painful scratch involving the cornea
What are the s/s of Herpetic keratitis?
- unilateral eye redness
- pain, photophobia
- decreased vision
- tearing
- fluorescein shows dendritic epi ulcers in branching patterns with terminal bulbs
What is the tx for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Abx eye drops x 1 week (fluorooquinolone)
What are the s/s of iritis?
- ocular/periorbital eye pain
- photophobia
- blurred/cloudy vision
- redness near the limbus
- irregular shaped pupil
What is open angle glaucoma?
a progressive disease of the optic nerve assoc. with increased intraocular pressure
What are the s/s of angle closure glaucoma?
- unilateral severe eye pain
- nausea
- redness
- blurred vision
- halos around lights
- sluggish, mid-dilated pupil
- conjunctival injection
- hazy cornea and shallow anterior chamber
What is the tx for iritis?
- topical steroid eye drops
- dilating eye drops
____ is a common viral infection that affects the corneal epi.
Herpetic keratitis
This is a progressive disease of the optic nerve assoc. with increased intraocular pressure.
open angle glaucoma
What can cause bilateral red eyes?
- dry eyes
- allergic conjunctivits
What is pterygium?
a benign fibrocascular tumor that is UV induced
What is the tx for viral conjunctivitis?
- usu. self limiting; good hand hygeine and cool compresses, artificial tears
- severe case: topical steroid eye drops
What is conjunctivitis?
- pink eye inflammation of the conjunctiva
- caused by virus or bacteria
- few days in duration
- eye pain, discharge, blurred vision, mattering of eyelids in the morning
What is the tx for Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?
- oral acyclovir or valacyclovir
- artificial tears
What is the tx herpetic keratitis?
- topical trifluridine
- oral acyclovir
- contact lenses
- corneal transplants
What is Herpetic keratitis?
a viral infection of the corneal epi, usu by HSV1
Dx?
- unilateral severe eye pain
- nausea
- redness
- blurred vision
- halos around lights
- sluggish, mid-dilated pupil
- conjunctival injection
- hazy cornea and shallow anterior chamber
angle closure glaucoma
____ is when the eye progressively loses its ability to focus on near objects.
Presbyopia
What is the most common causative organism of conjunctivitis?
adenovirus
Is bacterial or viral conjunctivitis more common?
viral
What is the tx for cataracts?
surgery (phacoemulsification and replacement lens)
What can cause corneal ulcers?
- bacteria (Staph. aureus, Pseudomonas)
- fungi (Fusarium)
- protozoa (Acanthamoeba)
____ occurs when the optical power of the eye is too small and causes light to focus behind the retina.
Far-sightedness
Who most commonly gets itiris?
20-40yos
What does a Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus lesion on the tip of the nose often predict?
ocular manifestations
Dx?
- acute onset severe pain, redness, decreased vision
- eyelid swelling
- white infiltrate in the cornea
- thinning of the cornea
corneal ulcer
What are the s/s of corneal ulcer?
- acute onset severe pain, redness, decreased vision
- eyelid swelling
- white infiltrate in the cornea
- thinning of the cornea
What are some complications from herpetic keratitis?
corneal scars –> blurred vision
What are some of the long-term affects of corneal ulcers?
- corneal scars
- permanent vision loss
- corneal perforation
What is the tx for corneal abrasion?
- mild = frequent artificial tears and topical Abx
- large = Abx ointment and patch; oral analgesics
What is the tx for dry eye?
- artificial tears
- flax seed oil
- omega-3 vitamins
- medicated eye drops
- punctual plugs
What is a benign fibrocascular tumor that is UV induced?
pterygium
What are the s/s of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?
- prodromal period of fatigue
- low grade fever
- unilateral rash on forehead, upper eyelid, and nose
- unilateral eye pain
- redness
- decreased vision
- photophobia
Dx?
- inflammation of the conjunctiva
- caused by virus or bacteria
- few days in duration
- eye pain, discharge, blurred vision, mattering of eyelids in the morning
conjunctivitis
This is an infection of the corneal stroma.
corneal ulcer
What color does the eye appear in bacterial conjunctivitis?
red
What is the tx for pterygium?
- artificial tears
- sunglasses
- vasoconstrictors
- conjunctival autograft with tissel glue
What is a corneal ulcer?
an infection of the corneal stroma
What are some risk factors for subconjunctival hemorrhage?
- sneezing
- coughing
- excessive eye rubbing
- trauma
Who gets angle closure glaucoma?
Asians; 60s-70s yo
Dx?
- unilateral eye redness
- pain, photophobia
- decreased vision
- tearing
- fluorescein shows dendritic epi ulcers in branching patterns with terminal bulbs
herpetic keratitis
What are the most common causative organisms in bacterial conjunctivitis?
- Staph. aureus
- Strep. pneumoniae
When does conjunctivitis most commonly occur?
post URI
Astigmatism describes the shape of the cornea and causes light to focus ______.
in front or behind the retina
Near-sightedness occurs when the optical power of the eye is too large and causes light to focus _____.
in front of the retina
Dx?
- prodromal period of fatigue
- low grade fever
- unilateral rash on forehead, upper eyelid, and nose
- unilateral eye pain
- redness
- decreased vision
- photophobia
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
____ occurs when the optical power of the eye is too large and causes light to focus in front of the retina.
Near-sightedness
Far-sightedness occurs when the optical power of the eye is too small and causes light to focus _____.
behind the retina
What systemic conditions can cause dry eye?
- RA
- lupus
- Grave’s disease
What is iritis?
inflammation of the iris
What are cataracts?
a gradual clouding of the eye’s natural lens –> progressive decline in vision
What medications can cause dry eye?
- antihistamines
- pain meds
- antidepressants
This is a ruptured BV under the conjunctiva.
subconjunctival hemorrhage
Presbyopia is when the eye ______.
progressively loses its ability to focus on near objects
_____ describes the shape of the cornea and causes light to focus in front or behind the retina.
Astigmatism
What can cause a unilateral red eye?
- viral/bacterial conjunctivitis
- iritis
- corneal abrasion
- corneal ulcer
- herpes simplex
- herpes zoster opthalmicus
- subconjunctival hemorrhage
This is a very painful scratch involving the cornea.
corneal abrasion
