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aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's > Cortical Lesions > Flashcards

Cortical Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the brain are linked for normal function of human emotions?

A
  • hippocampus
  • parahippocampal gyrus
  • cingulate gyrus
  • anterior nucleus of the thalamus
  • mammillary bodies
  • fornix
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2
Q

The ____ is specialized for mediating the prosody of speech.

A

right frontal hemisphere

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3
Q

This is impaired auditory comprehension due to a lesion in the posterior region of the L superior temporal gyrus.

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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4
Q

This is a critical domain that involves the capacity to plan, carry out, and monitor a sequential goal-directed action.

A

executive function

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5
Q

What is the hippocampus for?

A

new learning and memories

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6
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

A
  • voluntary mvmt
  • language fluency (L)
  • motor prosody (R)
  • comportment
  • executive function
  • motivation
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7
Q

What lesion can cause disinhibition?

A

orbitofrontal lesions

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8
Q

What are the 3 major nonlinguistic syndromes relating to specific areas of damage in the prefrontal cortex?

A
  1. disinhibition
  2. apathy
  3. executive dysfunction
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9
Q

What can an orbitofrontal lesion cause?

A

disinhibition

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10
Q

What does a lesion in the posterior region of the L superior gyrus cause?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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11
Q

What is apraxia?

A

An impairment of learned motor activity

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12
Q

What lesion can cause hemineglect?

A

a parietal lobe lesion

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13
Q

What is the major artery supplying the cerebral cortex?

A

the middle cerebral artery (MCA)

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14
Q

A lesion in ______ causes executive dysfunction.

A

dorsolateral prefrontal lesions

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15
Q

This is an impairment of learned motor activity.

A

apraxia

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16
Q

A lesion to what part of the brain can cause visual agnosia?

A

the occipital lobe

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17
Q

Name the lobe:

  • voluntary mvmt
  • language fluency (L)
  • motor prosody (R)
  • comportment
  • executive function
  • motivation
A

frontal lobe

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18
Q

What is disinhibition?

A

inability to integrate limbic drives into appropriate behavioral responses –> irritability, loss of empathy, impulsivity, hypersexuality, hyperphagia, violence

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19
Q

This is the inability to integrate limbic drives into appropriate behavioral responses –> irritability, loss of empathy, impulsivity, hypersexuality, hyperphagia, violence.

A

disinhibition

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20
Q

This is an acquired disorder of writing, often seen with aphasia and other neurobehavioral syndromes.

A

Agraphia

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21
Q

What is perseveration?

A

the failure to alter one’s actions in response to changing environmental stimuli

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22
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

A
  • tactile sensation
  • visuospatial function (R)
  • attention (R)
  • reading (L)
  • writing (L)
  • calculation (L)
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23
Q

What is amnesia?

A

An acquired disorder of memory, implying an impairment of new learning

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24
Q

This is a rapidly evolving disorder of attention.

A

an acute confusional state

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25
What is hemineglect?
inattention to one side of the body or extrapersonal space
26
What causes a lesion of the R hemisphere analog of Wernicke's area?
sensory aprosody
27
Where is Wernicke's area located? Which Broadmann's area is it?
left superior temporal gyrus; Brodmann's area 22
28
What is motor aprosody?
the inability to inflect speech with emotion
29
How many layers are in the neocortex?
6
30
Name the lobe: * language comprehension (L) * sensory prosody (R) * memory * emotion
temporal lobe
31
What is executive function?
a critical domain that involves the capacity to plan, carry out, and monitor a sequential goal-directed action
32
What is visual agnosia?
ability to see an image but can't recognize it
33
This is located in in the L frontal lobe and is Brodmann's area 45.
Broca's area
34
This is a failure of recognition through one sensory modality; visual, auditory, and tactile agnosias have been described.
Agnosia
35
This is the failure to alter one's actions in response to changing environmental stimuli.
perseveration
36
What happens with bilateral hippocampal resection?
permanent amnesia
37
How many layers are in the allocortex? What does it consist of? What are these brain areas important for?
* 3 * the hippocampus and temporal lobe * memory
38
This is inattention to one side of the body or extrapersonal space.
hemineglect
39
What is Agnosia?
A failure of recognition through one sensory modality; visual, auditory, and tactile agnosias have been described.
40
How thick is the cerebral cortex? How many layers does it consist of?
3mm; 6 layers
41
What is mediated by the limbic system?
the 4 Fs: * fighting * fleeing * feeding * F-ing
42
This is a loss of motivation and erosion of initiative .
apathy
43
Apathy is caused by _____ lesions.
medial frontal
44
What do dorsolateral prefrontal lesions sometimes cause?
executive dysfunction
45
Name the lobe: * vision * vision perception * visual recognition
occipital lobe
46
This is the inability to inflect speech with emotion.
motor aprosody
47
What does a medial frontal lesion cause?
apathy
48
A lesion in the left occipital lobe and splenium of the corpus callosum can cause?
pure alexia
49
This is the impaired ability to identify objects by name; a synonym is dysnomia.
anomia
50
What is Agraphia?
An acquired disorder of writing, often seen with aphasia and other neurobehavioral syndromes.
51
This is a pt can write but can not read due to a lesion in the left occipital lobe and splenium of the corpus callosum.
pure alexia
52
What is anomia?
Impaired ability to identify objects by name; a synonym is dysnomia
53
This is the inability to maintain a coherent line of thought despite adequate arousal and language function.
confusion
54
What is Wernicke's aphasia?
impaired auditory comprehension due to a lesion in the posterior region of the L superior temporal gyrus
55
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
* language comprehension (L) * sensory prosody (R) * memory * emotion
56
What is apathy?
loss of motivation and erosion of initiative
57
What are the functions of the occipital lobe?
* vision * vision perception * visual recognition
58
What is an acute confusional state?
A rapidly evolving disorder of attention
59
Where is Broca's area? Which Brodmann's area is it?
* in the L frontal lobe * Brodmann's area 45
60
What is the ability to see an image but can't recognize it called?
visual agnosia
61
What is pure alexia?
pt can write but can not read due to a lesion in the left occipital lobe and splenium of the corpus callosum
62
Name the lobe: * tactile sensation * visuospatial function (R) * attention (R) * reading (L) * writing (L) * calculation (L)
the parietal lobe
63
This is an acquired disorder of memory, implying an impairment of new learning.
amnesia

aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's (20 decks)

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