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aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum?

A

it modulates cortices involved in movement

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2
Q

The spinocerebellum contains the _____.

A

vermis and paravermis

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3
Q

What is the function of the paravermal zone?

A

stretch and withdrawl reflexes

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4
Q

Name the 4 deep cerebellar nuclei.

A
  1. Dentate nucleu
  2. Globose
  3. and emboliform which together make the interposed nucleus
  4. Fastigial Nuclei
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5
Q

Small lesions of the cerebellum have _____ effects.

A

little

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6
Q

What is the function of the interposed nucleus?

A

it fine tunes movements of the limbs

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7
Q

Lateral cerebellar lesions impair _____.

A

the ipsilateral limb

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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A
  1. molecular layer –>
  2. Purkinje layer –>
  3. internal granular layer –> (white matter –> deep cerebellar nuclei)
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9
Q

Name the 3 deep cerebellar nuclei (principal outputs from the cerebellum).

A
  1. dentate nucleus (most lateral)
  2. interposed nucleus
  3. fastigial nucleus (most medial)
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10
Q

This zone of the cerebellum modulates cortices involved in movement.

A

the cerebrocerebellum

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11
Q

Name the cerebellar functional zone: vestibular nuclei

A

the vestibulocerebellum pathway

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12
Q

Parallel fibers from granule cells converge on _____.

A

Purkinje cells

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13
Q

The granule cells relay the mossy fiber info thru the _____ to the _____.

A

parallel fibers –> Purkinje cells

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14
Q

What is the function of the dentate nucleus?

A

planning, initiation and coordination of voluntary movements

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15
Q

What is the function of the fastigial nucleus?

A

control of axial musculature, posture, balance and integration of head and eye movements

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16
Q

What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?

A
  1. the floculonodular lobe
  2. the anterior lobe
  3. the posterior lobe
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17
Q

What is the output of the cerebrocerebellum pathway?

A

the contralateral VA/VL thalamus (and red nucleus)

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18
Q

This zone of the cerebellum has control of axial skeleton and vestibular control (balance, eye movements).

A

the vestibulocerebellum

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19
Q

Inhibitory interneurons connecting the neighboring Purkinje cells facilitates _____.

A

lateral inhibition

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20
Q

What is the output of the spinocerebellum vermis pathway?

A

fastigial nucleus –> medial decending tracts

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21
Q

How many parallel fibers contact an individual Purkinje cell?

A

TONS!

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22
Q

_____ cerebellar lesions impair the ipsilateral limb.

A

Lateral

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23
Q

What is the Purkinje cell response to excitation by a granule cell?

A

a simple spike

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24
Q

Climbing fibers have a _____ excitation than the mossy fibers, and the Purkinje cells respond with a ______.

A

stronger –> complex spike

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25
Q

Name the cerebellar functional zone: fastigial nucleus –> medial decending tracts

A

spinocerebellum vermis pathway

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26
Q

Name the cerebellar functional zone: the lateral decending tracts and RED NUCLEUS

A

the spinocerebellum paravermis pathway

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27
Q

What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe?

A
  • axial control and balance
  • eye movement
  • the vestibuloocular reflex
  • vestibule-colic reflex
  • vestibule-spinal reflex
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28
Q

What are the inputs to the cerebellum?

A
  • contralateral cortex –> middle cerebellar peduncle –> cerebellum
  • ipsilateral proprioceptive info from spinal cord –> inferior cerebellar peduncle –> mossy fibers –> cerebellum as a copy of the reflex input
  • contralateral proprioceptive info from spinal cord –> inferior olivary nucleus (ION) –> climbing fibers –> cerebellum as an error signal of unexpected response
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29
Q

Cerebellar defects are ALWAYS _____.

A

ipsilateral (they’re either uncrossed or cross twice)

30
Q

Climbing fibers innervate which functional zones of the cerebellum?

A

all 3: the vestibule, spino, and cerebrocerebellum

31
Q

_____ from granule cells converge on Purkinje cells.

A

Parallel fibers

32
Q

Midline cerebellar lesions impair _____.

A

coordination of stance, gait, posture, and equilibrium

33
Q

Climbing fibers ascending in the _______.

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

34
Q

What are the 3 phylogenetic divisions of the cerebellum?

A
  1. the archicerebellum
  2. the paleocerebellum
  3. the neocerebellum
35
Q

Where do parallel fibers come from?

A

internal granular cells

36
Q

_____ cerebellar lesions impair coordination of stance, gait, posture, and equilibrium.

A

Midline (vermis)

37
Q

What is the output of the spinocerebellum paravermis pathway?

A

the lateral decending tracts and RED NUCLEUS

38
Q

In all zones, the climbing fiber input comes from the ____.

A

contralateral inferior olivary nucleus (ION)

39
Q

Mossy fibers from varying sources excite _____.

A

granular cells

40
Q

What happens when a simple spike and a complex spike occur in the same location?

A

an excitation occurring in an already depolarized cell –> fire together = wire together –> long term depression –> reduce the efficiency of this synapse bc this is INHIBITORY

41
Q

The lateral pathways control _____ while the medial pathways are for ____.

A

lateral = extremities; medial = postural and balance control

42
Q

What is the function of the vermal region?

A
  • axial control
  • posture
  • locomotion
  • gaze reflexes
43
Q

What does the cerebrocerebellum pathway project to?

A

the VL (ventrolateral) nucleus of the thalamus

44
Q

What is the output of the vestibulocerebellum pathway?

A

vestibular nuclei

45
Q

This zone of the cerebellum has control of modulation of stretch and withdrawl reflexes.

A

the paravermis

46
Q

The mossy fibers come into the cerebellum and innervate the ____.

A

granule cells

47
Q

What cells in the cerebellar cortex are inhibitory?

A
  • the Purkinje cells
  • the inhibitory interneurons
48
Q

What are the 3 problems with synergy?

A

3 Ds (ataxia):

  1. dysmetria
  2. decomposition of movement
  3. dysdiadochokinesia
49
Q

Parallel fibers from ______ converge on Purkinje cells.

A

granule cells

50
Q

This zone of the cerebellum has control of the axial skeleton, posture, locomotion, and gaze reflexes.

A

the vermis

51
Q

Climbing fibers come from the _____.

A

contralateral inferior olivary nucleus (ION)

52
Q

Name the cerebellar functional zone: the contralateral VA/VL thalamus (and red nucleus)

A

cerebrocerebellum pathway

53
Q

Cerebellar lesions DO NOT produce _____ or _____ loss.

A

weakness or sensory loss

54
Q

What is the function of the vermis?

A
  • axial control
  • posture
  • locomotion
  • gaze reflexes
55
Q

Climbing fibers from the ION converge on the ____ cells.

A

Purkinje

56
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?

A
  • axial control
  • vestibular control (balance, eye movements)
57
Q

____ from varying sources excite granular cells.

A

Mossy fibers

58
Q

Climbing fibers are oriented _____ to the plane of the dendritic arbor.

A

perpendicular

59
Q

What is the HANDS tremor?

A

Hypotonia

Ataxia (3 Ds)

Nystagmus

Dysarthria

Stance and Gait

(Intention) tremor

60
Q

What directly innervates the Purkinje cells?

A

the climbing fibers

61
Q

The vermis purkinjes –> ______ –> ICP –> medullary reticular formation –> vestibulospinal pathways –> axial motor control

A

fastigial nucleus

62
Q

What is the function of the paravermis?

A

modulation of stretch and withdrawl reflexes

63
Q

Where do the mossy fibers come from in the cerebrocerebellum?

A

the pons

64
Q

Climbing fibers from the ____ converge on Purkinje cells.

A

inferior olivary nucleus (ION)

65
Q

What facilitates lateral inhibition?

A

inhibitory interneurons connecting the neighboring Purkinje cells

66
Q

____ from the ION converge on the Purkinje cells.

A

Climbing fibers

67
Q

The cerebrocerebellum is the most _____ part of the cerebellum anatomy.

A

lateral

68
Q

What are the 2 types of fibers that are the major input tracts to the cerebellum?

A

climbing fibers and mossy fibers

69
Q

The vestibulocerebellum contains the _____.

A

floculonodular lobe

70
Q

What are the 3 gross divisions of the cerebellum?

A

2 hemispheres + 1 midline vermis

71
Q

Where do the mossy fibers come from in the vestibulocerebellum?

A

the vestibular system

72
Q

Where do the mossy fibers come from in the spinocerebellum?

A

the spine and elsewhere

aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's (20 decks)

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