Function of Cerebellum-Basal Ganglia

Question 1

What is feedforward control?

Answer 1

using sensory data to calculate a state that is coming at some future time (a predicted state)

Question 2

The ____ conveys joint angle calculations to the premotor cortices (Brodmann’s area 6), which calculates the difference btw current and desired location.

Answer 2

parietal cortex

Question 3

The parietal cortex conveys joint angle calculations to the _____ (Brodmann’s area 6), which calculates the difference btw current and desired location.

Answer 3

premotor cortices

Question 4

The ____ conveys joint angle calculations to the premotor cortices (Brodmann’s area ____), which calculates the difference btw current and desired location.

Answer 4

6

Question 5

The ____ conveys joint angle calculations to the premotor cortices (Brodmann’s area 6), which calculates _____.

Answer 5

the difference btw current and desired location

Question 6

The cerebro-cerebellum’s _____ arise from the contralateral pontine gray, and these are innervated by cortico-pontine fibers descending through the internal capsule.

Answer 6

mossy fibers

Question 7

The cerebro-cerebellum’s mossy fibers arise from the _____, and these are innervated by cortico-pontine fibers descending through the internal capsule.

Answer 7

contralateral pontine gray

Question 8

The cerebro-cerebellum’s mossy fibers arise from the contralateral pontine gray, and these are innervated by ______ descending through the internal capsule.

Answer 8

cortico-pontine fibers

Question 9

The cerebro-cerebellum’s mossy fibers arise from the contralateral pontine gray, and these are innervated by cortico-pontine fibers descending through the _____.

Answer 9

internal capsule

Question 10

The error signal is conveyed by climbing fibers to the _____, which initiate complex spikes in purkinje cells.

Answer 10

cerebellar cortex

Question 11

The error signal is conveyed by climbing fibers to the cerebellar cortex, which initiate complex spikes in ____.

Answer 11

purkinje cells

Question 12

When the motor cortices convey instructions to ______ to generate a movement of a certain force, the same command is also relayed to the gamma motor neurons in the ventral gray matter of the spinal cord.

Answer 12

alpha motor neurons

Question 13

When the motor cortices convey instructions to alpha motor neurons to generate a movement of a certain force, the same command is also relayed to the _____ in the ventral gray matter of the spinal cord.

Answer 13

gamma motor neurons

Question 14

When the motor cortices convey instructions to alpha motor neurons to generate a movement of a certain force, the same command is also relayed to the gamma motor neurons in the ______ of the spinal cord.

Answer 14

ventral gray matter

Question 15

What is alpha-gamma coactivation??

Answer 15

when the motor cortices convey instructions to alpha motor neurons to generate a movement of a certain force and the same command is also relayed to the gamma motor neurons in the ventral gray matter of the spinal cord

Question 16

What is a prediction error?

Answer 16

the difference btw the actual outcome and the predicted outcome

Question 17

What happens when the desired outcome is received?

Answer 17

there is a spike in the # of APs produced by the dopaminergic neuron in the SNc and VTA

Question 18

What neurons are strongly activated by an unpredicted reward?

Answer 18

the SNc/VTA

Question 19

For the basal ganglia, the input from _____ provides the error signal; for the cerebellum, it arises from the neurons in the ION.

Answer 19

dopaminergic neurons

Question 20

For the basal ganglia, the input from dopaminergic neurons provides the error signal; for the _____, it arises from the neurons in the ION.

Answer 20

cerebellum

Question 21

For the basal ganglia, the input from dopaminergic neurons provides the error signal; for the cerebellum, it arises from the neurons in the _____.

Answer 21

ION

Question 22

____ input to the cerebellar cortex serves as the “critic” that modifies parallel fiber-purkinje cell synapses.

Answer 22

Inferior olivary (IO)

Question 23

Inferior olivary (IO) input to the cerebellar cortex serves as the “critic” that modifies ______.

Answer 23

parallel fiber-purkinje cell synapses