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aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's > Ocular Pharmacology > Flashcards

Ocular Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

How does pilocarpine treat closed angle glaucoma? What drugs are administered with it?

A
  • rapidly decreases IOP by lowering resistance to outflow of aqueous humor
  • given with apraclonidine and timolol
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2
Q

What is the tx for HSV keratitis?

A
  • acyclovir (oral)
  • trifluridine (topical)
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3
Q

How does mannitol/glycerol treat closed angle glaucoma?

A

osmotic diuresis

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4
Q

This drug rapidly decreases IOP by lowering resistance to outflow of aqueous humor and is used to treat CLOSED ANGLE glaucoma.

A

pilocarpine

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5
Q

What is the main risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma?

A

increased intraocular pressure (IOP)

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6
Q

What is Timolol/Timoptic? What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?

A
  • a beta-blocker
  • used to treat OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
  • SEs = exacerbation of heart problems, asthma, airway troubles
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7
Q

____ is associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP > 22mmHg).

A

Glaucoma

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8
Q

Name an alpha-2 agonist used to treat open angle glaucoma. What are its SEs?

A
  • Brimonidine/Alphagan
  • SEs = red eyes, CNS depression, apnea in children
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9
Q

These drugs treat glaucoma by constricting the pupil, relaxing the lens, and improving drainage.

A

muscarinic agonists

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10
Q

These drugs treat glaucoma by decreasing the production of aqueous humor.

A

beta-blockers

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11
Q

What is the tx for viral conjunctivitis?

A
  • OTC antihistamines or decongestants
  • lubricant ointments
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12
Q

How do muscarinic agonists treat glaucoma?

A
  • constrict the pupil
  • relax the lens
  • improve drainage
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13
Q

What abx can be used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis? Which abx should be avoided?

A
  • tx = erythromycin, polymixin-trimethoprim, azithromycin, fluoroquinolones
  • AVOID AMINOGLYCOSIDES
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14
Q

What is the tx for open angle glaucoma?

A
  • surgery
  • prostaglandin analog (PA- Latanoprost/Xalantan)
  • beta-blocker (Timolol/Timoptic)
  • carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (Dorzolamide/Trusopt)
  • alpha-2 agonist (Brimonidine/Alphagan)
  • combo therapy
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15
Q

What is normal intraocular pressure (IOP)?

A

10-15mmHg above atmospheric (keeps the eye slightly distended)

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16
Q

What is the tx for closed angle glaucoma?

A
  • pilocarpine
  • acetazolamide
  • mannitol/glycerol
17
Q

This drug blocks the formation of aqueous humor.

A

acetazolamide

18
Q

Name a beta-blocker used to treat open angle glaucoma. What are its SEs?

A
  • Timolol/Timoptic
  • SEs = exacerbation of heart problems, asthma, airway troubles
19
Q

These drugs cause osmotic diuresis for the tx of CLOSED ANGLE glaucoma.

A

mannitol/glycerol

20
Q

Name a prostaglandin analog (PG). What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?

A
  • Latanoprost/Xalantan
  • OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
  • SEs= brown discoloration of iris, eyelash length. and dark., irritation
21
Q

What is Latanoprost/Xalantan? What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?

A
  • a prostaglandin analog (PG)
  • used to treat OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
  • SE = brown discoloration of iris, eyelash length. and dark,. irritation
22
Q

What is Dorzolamide/Trusopt? What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?

A
  • a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
  • used to treat OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
  • SEs = bitter taste, fatigue
23
Q

What is Brimonidine/Alphagan? What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?

A
  • an alpha-2 agonist
  • used to treat OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
  • SEs = eyes, CNS depression, apnea in children
24
Q

Name a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?

A
  • Dorzolamide/Trusopt
  • OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
  • SEs = bitter taste, fatigue
25
Q

How do beta-blockers treat glaucoma?

A

decrease production of aqueous humor

26
Q

How does acetazolamide treat closed angle glaucoma?

A

it blocks the formation of aqueous humor

27
Q

What is the difference btw treating mild and severe bacterial keratitis?

A
  • mild = empiric abx
  • severe = fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, moxifloxacin), Cipro, tobramycin, or vancomycin

aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's (20 decks)

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