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aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's > Pharmacology of Parkinson's Disease > Flashcards

Pharmacology of Parkinson's Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is Amantidine (symmetrel)?

A

a drug that facilitates the release of endogenous dopamine

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2
Q

Disorders of _____ may predispose pts to subsequent assault by chemicals in Parkinson’s Disease.

A

mitochondrial energy pathways

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3
Q

How is dopamine broken down?

A

dopamine + MAO –> DOPAC + catchol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) –> HVA

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4
Q

Neurotoxins such as the meperidine analog _____ can cause a Parkinson’s-like condition by killing dopamine neurons.

A

MPTP

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5
Q

Name 3 anticholinergic drugs for Parkinson’s treatment.

A
  1. Trihexyphenidyl (Artane)
  2. Benztropine (Cogentin)
  3. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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6
Q

Name 2 Catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors used to treat Parkinson’s.

A
  1. Tolcapone (Tasmar)
  2. Entacapone (Comtran)
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7
Q

What drug facilitates the release of endogenous dopamine?

A

Amantidine (symmetrel)

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8
Q

Name some possible environmental causes of Parkinsons.

A
  • well water
  • pesticides
  • copper and iron exposures
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9
Q

What is Sinemet?

A

L-DOPA combined with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, carbidopa

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10
Q

Collectively, what kind of drug are the following?

  1. Tolcapone (Tasmar)
  2. Entacapone (Comtan)
A

Catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors

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11
Q

Name 5 dopamine receptor agonist drugs.

A
  1. Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
  2. Pergolide (Permax)
  3. Pramipexole (Mirapex)
  4. Ropinirole (Requip)
  5. Cabergoline (Dostinex)
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12
Q

Why are anticholinergic drugs used for Parkinson’s therapy? How effective are they? Why aren’t they used as often?

A

to treat the tremor; less effective than L-DOPA; anti-parasympathetic side effects

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13
Q

Name 2 MAOIs used to treat Parkinson’s.

A
  1. Selegiline, also called Deprenyl - (Eldepryl)
  2. Rasagiline (Azilect)
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14
Q

What is the significance of alpha-synuclein?

A
  • it’s a mutated protein in the auto. dominant form of Parkinson’s
  • is also found in the Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s patients w/o the mutation
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15
Q

Why do some neurologists choose to start with a dopamine agonist, rather than L-DOPA?

A

there’s less risk of dyskinesia

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16
Q

These drugs prevent the breakdown of L-DOPA and dopamine by COMT.

A

catchol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors

17
Q

How is L-DOPA administered? How does it reach its target?

A

orally; crosses the BBB

18
Q

The first mutation found assoc. with Parkinson’s is a single aa change in the protein, ______.

A

alpha-synuclein

19
Q

Collectively, what kind of drug are the following:

  1. Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
  2. Pergolide (Permax)
  3. Pramipexole (Mirapex)
  4. Ropinirole (Requip)
  5. Cabergoline (Dostinex)
A

dopamine receptor agonists

20
Q

Drug-induced Parkinsonism is a common side effect of _____ and other _____ drugs.

A

phenothiazines; neuroleptic

21
Q

What is the most important drug for Parkinson’s tx?

22
Q

What seems to be the common physiological pathway in the pathology of Parkinson’s disease?

A
  • destruction of dopamine cells in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra
  • loss of the NT dopamine in the caudate and putamen
23
Q

How do catchol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors work?

A

prevent the breakdown of L-DOPA and dopamine by COMT

24
Q

______ inhibits liver enzymes and has caused liver toxicity.

25
Q

Tolcapone inhibits _____ enzymes and has caused _____ toxicity.

26
Q

What are the cardinal features of Parkinson’s Disease?

A
  • tremor
  • rigidity
  • akinesia
27
Q

This is a drug that blocks decarboxylase in the intestines and peripheral organs but does not cross the BBB.

28
Q

What is carbidopa?

A

a drug that blocks decarboxylase (and levodopa breakdown) in the intestines and peripheral organs but does not cross the BBB

29
Q

These drugs directly stimulate the dopamine receptors in the caudate/putamen.

A

dopamine receptor agonists

30
Q

Collectively, what kind of drug are the following?

  1. Selegiline, also called Deprenyl - (Eldepryl)
  2. Rasagiline (Azilect)
A

they’re MAOIs used to treat Parkinson’s

31
Q

What do dopamine receptor agonists do?

A

directly stimulate the dopamine receptors in the caudate/putamen

32
Q

Collectively, what kind of drug are the following?

  1. Trihexyphenidyl (Artane)
  2. Benztropine (Cogentin)
  3. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
A

they’re anticholinergics used to treat Parkinson’s

33
Q

How is dopamine synthesized?

A

tyrosine + tyrosine hydroxylase –> L-dopa + DDC –> dopamine

34
Q

Which receptor do most of the dopamine receptor agonists work at?

A

the dopamine D2 receptor

35
Q

How do MAOIs help Parkinson’s disease?

A

they prevent the breakdown of dopamine

aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's (20 decks)

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