The Urinary Tract Flashcards
___: a cystic disease of the kidney that is often the result of chronic hemodialysis
acquired renal cystic disease
___: an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys
acute pyelonephritis
___: a sudden decrease in renal function
acute renal failure
___: damage to the tubule cells within the kidneys that results in renal failure
acute tubular necrosis
___: the accumulation of the abnormal protein amyloid in the kidneys and other organs that can lead to organ damage, as well as renal failure
amyloidosis
___: a common benign renal tumor that consists of a network of blood vessels, muscle, and fat
angiomyolipoma
___: an inherited disease that results in the development of renal, liver, and pancreatic cysts late in life; also referred to as adult polycystic kidney disease
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
___: an inherited renal disease that results in bilateral enlargement of the fetal kidneys and microscopic renal cysts; also referred to as infantile polycystic kidney disease
autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
___: an excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood
azotemia
___: the presence of bacteria in the urine
bacteriuria
___: benign enlargement of the prostate gland
benign prostatic hypertrophy
___: an outpouching of the urinary bladder wall
bladder diverticulum
___: a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea
blood urea nitrogen
___: chronic inflammation of the kidney or kidneys
chronic pyelonephritis
___: the gradual decrease in renal function over time
chronic renal failure
___: an extension of the renal cortex located between the renal pyramids
columns of Bertin
___: the dilation of the renal collecting system at birth
congenital hydronephrosis
___: the accumulation of calcium within the cortex of the kidney
cortical nephrocalcinosis
___: the thinning of the (renal) cortex
cortical thinning
___: the ability to sonographically
distinguish between the normal cortex and medullary portions of the kidney
corticomedullary differentiation
___: a chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism and excreted in the urine
creatinine
___: inflammation of the urinary bladder
cystitis
___: the muscle that controls the appropriate emptying of the urinary bladder
detrusor muscle
___: shadowing seen posterior to gas or air
dirty shadowing
___: painful or difficult urination
dysuria
___: the formation of air within the kidney parenchyma secondary to bacterial infiltration
emphysematous pyelonephritis
___: medical condition in which the kidneys fail to function adequately, thus requiring the use of dialysis
end-stage renal disease
___: growing outward
exophytic
___: pain in one side of the body between the upper abdomen and
the back
flank pain
___: the fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney and adrenal gland
Gerota fascia
___: an infection of the kidney glomeruli
glomerulonephritis
___: blood within the urine that is visible to the naked eye
gross hematuria
___: a localized collection of blood
hematoma
___: blood within the urine; can be described as microscopic or
gross
hematuria
___: form of dialysis that utilizes a machine that essentially acts as a kidney whereby it extracts the patient’s blood, filters it, and returns the filtered blood to the patient
hemodialysis
___: an autoimmune disorder and form of vasculitis associated with purple spots on the skin, gastrointestinal complications, joint pain, and possibly kidney failure; mostly occurs in childhood
Henoch–Schonlein purpura
___: maintenance of normal body physiology
homeostasis
___: the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder; also referred to as pelvocaliectasis or pelvicaliectasis
hydronephrosis
___: distension of the ureter with fluid because of obstruction
hydroureter
___: abnormally high levels of potassium in the blood
hyperkalemia
___: carcinoma of the kidney; also referred to as renal cell carcinoma
hypernephroma
___: decreased blood volume
hypovolemia
___: the state of having an immune system that is
impaired for some reason
immunocompromised
___: an inherited renal disease that results in bilateral enlargement of the fetal kidneys and microscopic renal cysts; also referred to as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
infantile polycystic kidney disease
___: an enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker
lactate dehydrogenase
___: a collection of lymph fluid
lymphocele