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Vocab Abdomen > The Urinary Tract > Flashcards

The Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

___: a cystic disease of the kidney that is often the result of chronic hemodialysis

A

acquired renal cystic disease

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2
Q

___: an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

A

acute pyelonephritis

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3
Q

___: a sudden decrease in renal function

A

acute renal failure

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4
Q

___: damage to the tubule cells within the kidneys that results in renal failure

A

acute tubular necrosis

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5
Q

___: the accumulation of the abnormal protein amyloid in the kidneys and other organs that can lead to organ damage, as well as renal failure

A

amyloidosis

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6
Q

___: a common benign renal tumor that consists of a network of blood vessels, muscle, and fat

A

angiomyolipoma

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7
Q

___: an inherited disease that results in the development of renal, liver, and pancreatic cysts late in life; also referred to as adult polycystic kidney disease

A

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

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8
Q

___: an inherited renal disease that results in bilateral enlargement of the fetal kidneys and microscopic renal cysts; also referred to as infantile polycystic kidney disease

A

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

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9
Q

___: an excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood

A

azotemia

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10
Q

___: the presence of bacteria in the urine

A

bacteriuria

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11
Q

___: benign enlargement of the prostate gland

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

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12
Q

___: an outpouching of the urinary bladder wall

A

bladder diverticulum

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13
Q

___: a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea

A

blood urea nitrogen

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14
Q

___: chronic inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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15
Q

___: the gradual decrease in renal function over time

A

chronic renal failure

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16
Q

___: an extension of the renal cortex located between the renal pyramids

A

columns of Bertin

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17
Q

___: the dilation of the renal collecting system at birth

A

congenital hydronephrosis

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18
Q

___: the accumulation of calcium within the cortex of the kidney

A

cortical nephrocalcinosis

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19
Q

___: the thinning of the (renal) cortex

A

cortical thinning

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20
Q

___: the ability to sonographically

distinguish between the normal cortex and medullary portions of the kidney

A

corticomedullary differentiation

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21
Q

___: a chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism and excreted in the urine

A

creatinine

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22
Q

___: inflammation of the urinary bladder

A

cystitis

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23
Q

___: the muscle that controls the appropriate emptying of the urinary bladder

A

detrusor muscle

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24
Q

___: shadowing seen posterior to gas or air

A

dirty shadowing

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25
Q

___: painful or difficult urination

A

dysuria

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26
Q

___: the formation of air within the kidney parenchyma secondary to bacterial infiltration

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

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27
Q

___: medical condition in which the kidneys fail to function adequately, thus requiring the use of dialysis

A

end-stage renal disease

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28
Q

___: growing outward

A

exophytic

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29
Q

___: pain in one side of the body between the upper abdomen and
the back

A

flank pain

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30
Q

___: the fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney and adrenal gland

A

Gerota fascia

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31
Q

___: an infection of the kidney glomeruli

A

glomerulonephritis

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32
Q

___: blood within the urine that is visible to the naked eye

A

gross hematuria

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33
Q

___: a localized collection of blood

A

hematoma

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34
Q

___: blood within the urine; can be described as microscopic or
gross

A

hematuria

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35
Q

___: form of dialysis that utilizes a machine that essentially acts as a kidney whereby it extracts the patient’s blood, filters it, and returns the filtered blood to the patient

A

hemodialysis

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36
Q

___: an autoimmune disorder and form of vasculitis associated with purple spots on the skin, gastrointestinal complications, joint pain, and possibly kidney failure; mostly occurs in childhood

A

Henoch–Schonlein purpura

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37
Q

___: maintenance of normal body physiology

A

homeostasis

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38
Q

___: the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder; also referred to as pelvocaliectasis or pelvicaliectasis

A

hydronephrosis

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39
Q

___: distension of the ureter with fluid because of obstruction

A

hydroureter

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40
Q

___: abnormally high levels of potassium in the blood

A

hyperkalemia

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41
Q

___: carcinoma of the kidney; also referred to as renal cell carcinoma

A

hypernephroma

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42
Q

___: decreased blood volume

A

hypovolemia

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43
Q

___: the state of having an immune system that is

impaired for some reason

A

immunocompromised

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44
Q

___: an inherited renal disease that results in bilateral enlargement of the fetal kidneys and microscopic renal cysts; also referred to as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

A

infantile polycystic kidney disease

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45
Q

___: an enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker

A

lactate dehydrogenase

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46
Q

___: a collection of lymph fluid

A

lymphocele

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47
Q

___: feeling of uneasiness

A

malaise

48
Q

___: the accumulation of calcium within the medulla of the renal parenchyma

A

medullary nephrocalcinosis

49
Q

___: a congenital disorder characterized by the accumulation of calcium within abnormally

A

medullary sponge kidney

50
Q

___: an abnormally enlarged urinary bladder

A

megacystitis

51
Q

___: an enlarged ureter; can be congenital or acquired

A

megaureter

52
Q

___: division of the duplex collecting system, as in the upper pole moiety and the lower pole moiety

A

moiety

53
Q

___: a renal disease thought to be caused by an early renal obstruction; leads to the development of multiple noncommunicating cyst of varying sizes in the renal fossa

A

multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

54
Q

___: a small mass located on the wall of a structure

A

mural nodules

55
Q

___: the most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal

mass; may also be referred to as Wilms tumor

A

nephroblastoma

56
Q

___: an accumulation of calcium within the renal parenchyma

A

nephrocalcinosis

57
Q

___: the urinary stones located within the kidney; kidney stones

A

nephrolithiasis

58
Q

___: functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

59
Q

___: a kidney disorder caused by damage to the glomeruli that results in excess amounts of protein in the urine and the swelling of the ankles, face, and feet because of accumulation of excess water

A

nephrotic syndrome

60
Q

___: a bladder that is poorly functioning secondary to any type of neurologic disorder

A

neurogenic bladder

61
Q

___: frequent urination at night

A

nocturia

62
Q

___: a nuclear medicine examination of the urinary bladder

and ureters

A

nuclear cystogram

63
Q

___: scant or decreased urine output

A

oliguria

64
Q

___: a benign renal tumor that is often found in men in their 60s

A

oncocytoma

65
Q

___: a small protrusion of tissue

A

papillary projection

66
Q

___: a kidney located within the pelvis

A

pelvic kidney

67
Q

___: an abscess that surrounds the kidney

A

perinephric abscess

68
Q

___: a form of dialysis that uses a solution that is instilled into the abdomen; uses diffusion and osmosis to filter waste products from the blood

A

peritoneal dialysis

69
Q

___: a benign, solid adrenal tumor associated with uncontrollable hypertension

A

pheochromocytoma

70
Q

___: irregular thin membranes of tissue located within the male posterior urethra that do not allow urine to exit the urethra

A

posterior urethral valves

71
Q

___: protein within the urine

A

proteinuria

72
Q

___: a syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal

wall musculature being stretched by an extremely enlarged urinary bladder

A

prune belly syndrome

73
Q

___: the condition of having pus within the collecting system of the kidney

A

pyonephrosis

74
Q

___ pus within the urine

A

pyuria

75
Q

___: a benign renal mass

A

renal adenoma

76
Q

___: the narrowing of the renal artery

A

renal artery stenosis

77
Q

___: the carcinoma of the kidney; also referred to as hypernephroma

A

renal cell carcinoma

78
Q

___: a sharp pain in the lower back that radiates into the groin and is typically associated with the passage of a urinary stone through the ureter

A

renal colic

79
Q

___: the outer part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible for filtration

A

renal cortex

80
Q

___: a ratio calculated by dividing the highest renal artery velocity by the highest aortic velocity obtained at the level of the renal arteries

A

renal:aorta ratio

81
Q

___: a benign renal mass that consists of blood vessels

A

renal hemangioma

82
Q

___: a collection of blood on or around the kidney that is typically associated with some form of trauma or perhaps an invasive kidney procedure

A

renal hematoma

83
Q

___: an area in the kidney that becomes necrotic because of a lack of oxygen

A

renal infarction

84
Q

___: a fatty tumor on the kidney

A

renal lipoma

85
Q

___: the inner part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible
for absorption

A

renal medulla

86
Q

___ cone-shaped structures located within the renal medulla that contains part of the nephron

A

renal pyramids

87
Q

___: the portion of the kidney containing the minor calices, major calices, renal pelvis, and infundibula

A

renal sinus

88
Q

___: a blood clot located within the renal vein

A

renal vein thrombosis

89
Q

___: enzyme produced by the kidneys that helps regulate blood pressure

A

renin

90
Q

___: the two embryonic parenchymal tissue masses that combine to create the kidney; singular form is renunculus

A

renunculi

91
Q

___: a disease characterized by the buildup of fibrous tissue within the retroperitoneum; this mass may involve the abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, ureters, and sacrum

A

retroperitoneal fibrosis

92
Q

___: an artifact that results from a sound wave interacting with a large acoustic interface that repeatedly bounces back and forth from the interface to the transducer

A

reverberation artifact

93
Q

___: a partition separating two or more cavities

A

septation

94
Q

___: a large urinary stone that completely fills and takes the
shape of the renal pelvis

A

staghorn calculus

95
Q

___: a treatment method for vesicoureteral reflux disease that uses a bulking agent to elevate the ureteral orifice and distal ureter, allowing for the normal flow of urine from the ureter into the bladder

A

subureteral Teflon injection

96
Q

___: the combination of a slow systolic upstroke and decreased systolic velocity

A

tardus–parvus

97
Q

___: muscular bundles

A

trabeculae

98
Q

___: a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis

A

transitional cell carcinoma

99
Q

___: the area within the urinary bladder where the two ureteral orifices and urethral orifice are located

A

trigone of the urinary bladder

100
Q

___: a systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs

A

tuberous sclerosis

101
Q

___: a pelvic abscess involving the uterine tubes and ovaries that is often caused by pelvic inflammatory disease

A

tubo-ovarian abscess

102
Q

___: an artifact noted as an increased color Doppler signal posterior to a kidney stone or biliary stone

A

twinkle sign

103
Q

___: a tubular structure that is a remnant of embryonic development which extends from the umbilicus to the apex of the bladder

A

urachus

104
Q

___: jets of urine that are the result of urine being forced into the urinary bladder from the ureters; can be demonstrated with color Doppler imaging

A

ureteral jets

105
Q

___ an abnormality in which the distal ureter projects into the urinary bladder

A

ureterocele

106
Q

___: the junction of the ureter and renal pelvis

A

ureteropelvic junction

107
Q

___: the junction of the ureter and urinary bladder

A

ureterovesicular junction

108
Q

___: inflammation of the urethra

A

urethritis

109
Q

___: a localized collection of urine

A

urinoma

110
Q

___: a urinary stone

A

urolithiasis

111
Q

___: a benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also

be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma

A

uterine leiomyoma

112
Q

___: the abnormal retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureter and possibly into the kidney(s)

A

vesicoureteral reflux

113
Q

___: a radiographic examination that involves the assessment of the urinary bladder and distal ureter for urinary reflux and other abnormalities

A

voiding cystourethrogram

114
Q

___: n inherited disorder characterized by tumors of the central nervous system and the development of cysts within the kidneys, renal cell carcinoma, and pheochromocytomas

A

von Hippel–Lindau syndrome

115
Q

___: the most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal mass; a malignant renal mass that may also be referred to as nephroblastoma

A

Wilms tumor

116
Q

___: a rare chronic form of pyelonephritis that is typically the result of a chronic obstructive process

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Vocab Abdomen (14 decks)

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