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Vocab Abdomen > The Liver > Flashcards

The Liver Flashcards

1
Q

___: an abscess that develops from a parasite that grows in the colon and invades the liver via the portal vein

A

amebic hepatic abscess

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2
Q

___: the surgical connection between two structures

A

anastomosis

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3
Q

___: an abnormal passageway between an artery and a
vein

A

arteriovenous fistula

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4
Q

___: disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys health tissues and/or organs

A

autoimmune disorders

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5
Q

___: an inherited disease that results in the development of renal, liver, and pancreatic cysts late in life; also referred to as adult polycystic kidney disease

A

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

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6
Q

___: the region of the liver not covered by peritoneum

A

bare area

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7
Q

___: a growth disorder syndrome synonymous with enlargement of several organs, including the skull, tongue, and liver

A

Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome

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8
Q

___: a syndrome described as the occlusion of the hepatic veins, with possible coexisting occlusion of the inferior vena cava

A

Budd–Chiari syndrome

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9
Q

___: recognizable dilation of the superficial veins of the abdomen

A

caput medusa

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10
Q

___: the most common benign liver tumor

A

cavernous hemangioma

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11
Q

___: inflammation of the bile ducts

A

cholangitis

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12
Q

___: condition defined as hepatocyte death, fibrosis and necrosis of the liver, and the subsequent development of regenerating nodules

A

cirrhosis

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13
Q

___ genetic disorder linked with the development of scar tissue accumulation within the lungs, liver, pancreas, kidneys, and/or intestines

A

cystic fibrosis

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14
Q

___: a pseudomass of the liver seen on sonography resulting from hypertrophied diaphragmatic muscle bundles

A

diaphragmatic slip

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15
Q

___: infection of the bowel which leads to diarrhea that may contain mucus and/or blood

A

dysentery

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16
Q

___: a parasite responsible for the development of
hydatid liver cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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17
Q

___: the virus responsible for mononucleosis and other potential complications

A

Epstein–Barr virus

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18
Q

___: a reversible disease characterized by deposits of fat within the hepatocytes; also referred to as hepatic steatosis

A

fatty liver

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19
Q

___: the formation of excessive fibrous tissue; the development of scar tissue within an organ

A

fibrosis

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20
Q

___: manifestation of fatty liver disease in which fat deposits are localized

A

focal fatty infiltration

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21
Q

___: manifestation of fatty liver disease in which an area of the liver is spared from fatty infiltration

A

focal fatty sparing

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22
Q

___: a benign liver mass composed of a combination of hepatocytes and fibrous tissue that typically contains a central scar

A

focal nodular hyperplasia

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23
Q

___: the junction between the stomach and the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal junction

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24
Q

___: the thin fibrous casing of the liver

A

Glisson capsule

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25
Q

___: vomiting blood

A

hematemesis

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26
Q

___: a localized collection of blood

A

hematoma

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27
Q

___: n inherited disease characterized by disproportionate absorption of dietary iron

A

hemochromatosis

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28
Q

___: the formation and development of blood cells

A

hemopoiesis

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29
Q

___: a hepatic mass that results from the spread of fungus
in the blood to the liver

A

hepatic candidiasis

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30
Q

___: a condition in which a patient becomes confused or suffers from intermittent loss of consciousness secondary to the overexposure of the brain to toxic chemicals that the liver would normally remove from the body

A

hepatic encephalopathy

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31
Q

___: inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

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32
Q

___: a benign liver mass often associated with the use of oral contraceptives

A

hepatocellular adenoma

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33
Q

___: primary form of liver cancer

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

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34
Q

___: blood flow away from liver

A

hepatofugal

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35
Q

___: the malignant tumor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

A

hepatoma

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36
Q

___: enlargement of the liver

A

hepatomegaly

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37
Q

___: blood from toward the liver

A

hepatopetal

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38
Q

___: enlargement of spleen and liver

A

hepatosplenomegaly

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39
Q

___: a liver cyst that develops from a tapeworm that lives in dog feces; also referred to as an echinococcal cyst because it originates from the parasite Echinococcus granulosus

A

hydatid liver cyst

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40
Q

___: abnormally high levels of fats within the blood (i.e., high cholesterol and high triglycerides)

A

hyperlipidemia

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41
Q

___: decreased blood volume

A

hypovolemia

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42
Q

___: no recognizable cause; from an unknown origin

A

idiopathic

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43
Q

___: a patient who has a weakened immune system

A

immunocompromised

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44
Q

___: the yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae; found with liver disease and/or biliary obstruction

A

jaundice

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45
Q

___: brain damage from bilirubin exposure in a newborn with jaundice

A

kernicterus

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46
Q

___: specialized macrophages within the liver that engulf pathogens and damaged cells

A

Kupffer cells

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47
Q

___ elevated WBC count

A

leukocytosis

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48
Q

___: benign fatty tumor

A

lipoma

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49
Q

___: the area of the liver where the common bile duct exits the liver and portal vein and hepatic artery enter the liver; also referred to as the porta hepatis

A

the liver hilum

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50
Q

___: a flow pattern that characteristically has antegrade flow throughout the cardiac cycle

A

low resistive flow

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51
Q

___: feeling of uneasiness

A

malaise

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52
Q

___: the deterioration of a benign mass into a
malignancy

A

malignant degeneration

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53
Q

___: the displacement or alteration of normal anatomy that is located adjacent to a tumor

A

mass effect

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54
Q

___: vascular flow yielding a single phase

A

monophonic

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55
Q

___: death of tissue

A

necrosis

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56
Q

___: an increase in the echogenicity of the portal triads as seen in hepatitis and other conditions

A

periportal cuffing

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57
Q

___: the area of the liver where the portal vein and hepatic artery enter and the hepatic duct exit; also referred to as the liver hilum

A

porta hepatis

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58
Q

___: the elevation of blood pressure within the portal venous system

A

portal hypertension

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59
Q

___: an assembly of a small branch of the portal vein, bile duct, and hepatic artery that surround each liver lobule

A

portal triad

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60
Q

___: the development of clot within the portal vein

A

portal vein thrombosis

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61
Q

___: nodular appearance of the liver caused by multiple
metastatic tumors

A

pseudocirrhosis

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62
Q

___: false mass

A

pseudomass

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63
Q

___: a liver abscess that can result from the spread of infection from inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and endocarditis

A

pyogenic liver abscess

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64
Q

___: the medial segment of the left lobe

A

quadrate lobe

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65
Q

___: the reopening of canals or pathways

A

recanalization

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66
Q

___: a tonguelike extension of the right hepatic lobe

A

Riedel lobe

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67
Q

___: an illness resulting from another disease, trauma, or injury

A

sequela

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68
Q

___: twisted or snakelike pattern

A

serpiginous

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69
Q

___: condition in which the organs of the abdomen and chest are on the opposite sides of the body (e.g., the liver is within the left upper quadrant instead of the right upper quadrant)

A

situs inversus

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70
Q

___: enlargement of the spleen

A

splenomegaly

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71
Q

___: the sonographic sign associated with the appearance of periportal cuffing in which there is an increased echogenicity of the walls of the portal triads

A

starry sky sign

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72
Q

___: a type of fatty liver disease that causes inflammation of the liver

A

steatohepatitis

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73
Q

___: procedure in which an individual receives vitamin and nutrients through a vein, often the subclavian vein

A

total parental hyperalimentation

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74
Q

___: the therapy for portal hypertension that involves the placement of a stent between the portal veins and hepatic veins to reduce portal systemic pressure
triphasic—vascular flow yielding three phases

A

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

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75
Q

___: vascular flow yielding three phases

A

triphasic

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76
Q

___: condition in which the body does not have the ability
to break down glycogen; also referred to as glycogen storage disease type 1

A

von Gierke disease

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77
Q

___: a inherited disease that includes the development of cysts within the liver, pancreas, and other organs

A

von Hippel–Lindau disease

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78
Q

___: a congenital disorder that causes the body to accumulate excess copper

A

Wilson disease

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79
Q

is the liver considered retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal

A

intraperitoneal except the bare area

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80
Q

the liver is covered by ___

A

glisson capsule

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81
Q

lobules contain what things?

A
  • hepatocytes
  • biliary epithelial cells
  • kupffer cells
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82
Q

what are some of the vital functions of the liver?

A
  • carbohydrate metabolism
  • fat metabolism
  • amnio acide metabolism
  • removal of waste products
  • vitamin and mineral storage
  • drug inactivation
  • synthesis and secretion of bile
  • blood reservoir
  • hemopoiesis early in stage
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83
Q

what is the system that is used to selecta the liver into 8 segments

A

couinaud system

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84
Q

the quadrate lobe is located between what two structures

A

gallbladder fossa and round ligament

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85
Q

the quadrate lobe is also referred to as the ___

A

medial segment of the left lobe

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86
Q

the MPV is created by the union of what veins

A

SMV and splenic vein

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87
Q

the portal veins supply the liver with appx __% of its total blood supply

A

75%

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88
Q

the MPV typically measures less than ___

A

13 mm or 1.3 cm

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89
Q

enlargement of the PV can be indicative of what disease process

A

portal hypertension

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90
Q

portal veins are considered ____

A

intrasegmental

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91
Q

normal portal vein flow should be hepato___

A

hepatopetal

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92
Q

the hepatic veins drain into ___

A

IVC

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93
Q

hepatic veins are considered ___

A

intrasegmental and interlobar

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94
Q

enlargement of the hepatic veins and IVC can be seen with what disease process

A

right sides heart failure

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95
Q

the right and left lobes of the liver are divided by what things

A
  • GB fossa
  • MHV
  • MLF
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96
Q

the right lobe of the liver is divided into two sections what are they and what divides them?

A

divided into anterior and posterior sections by the right hepatic vein

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97
Q

the left lobe of the liver is divided into two sections what are they and what divides them?

A

divided into medial and lateral sections by the left hepatic vein

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98
Q

list the differences between the portal veins and the hepatic veins

A

portal veins:
-echogenic walls
-intersegmental
-decrease in size as they approach the diaphragm
hepatic veins:
-intersegmental and interlobar
-increase in size as they approach the diaphragm

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99
Q

what are the three structures that are located at the portal hepatis

A
  • MPV
  • CBD
  • HA
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100
Q

the common hepatic artery carries oxygenated blood to the liver from what

A

the abdominal aorta

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101
Q

the hepatic artery should have __ resistive waveform

A

low

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102
Q

where is the artery in relation to the main portal vein and CBD at porta hep

A
  • anterior the MPV
  • posterior to CBD
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103
Q

what is the sign that describes the transverse image at the porta hep?

A

Mickey Mouse sign

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104
Q

the ligament venous and ligament teres are both formed from branches of the umbilical vein which one comes from the right branch of the umbilical vein and which comes from the left?

A

ligamentum venous comes from right and ligament teres comes from left

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105
Q

what collapses shortly after birth to eventually become the ligament venosum

A

ductus venous

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106
Q

where can the ligament venous be seen

A

anterior to the caudate lobe

107
Q

what is the other name for the ligament teres

A

round ligament

108
Q

where can the falciform ligament be found

A

triangular shaped structure between the left and right hepatic lobes

109
Q

___:a tongue like extension fo the right hepatic lobe

A

riedel lobe

110
Q

the normal echogenecity of the liver should be what when compared to the right kidney

A

equal to or slightly greater than the kidney

111
Q

what should the normal echogenecity of the liver be when compared to the spleen

A

slightly less echogenic than the spleen

112
Q

normal liver measurement should be between ____

A

13-15 cm

113
Q

when is hepatomegaly suspected

A

when the liver measures greater than 15.5cm

114
Q

fatty liver disease is also referred to as ___

A

hepatic steatosis

115
Q

fatty liver disease can be put into two classification what are they

A

alcoholic and non alcoholic

116
Q

___ is the most common cause of chronic liver disease

A

non alcoholic fatty liver disease

117
Q

what are some causes of non alcoholic fatty liver disease

A
  • starvation
  • obesity
  • chemo
  • diabetes
  • hyperlipidemia
  • pregnancy
  • glycogen storage disease
  • von gierke disease
  • TPN
  • hepatits
  • CF
118
Q

where is the most common place for fatty infiltration and fatty sparing to occur

A
  • adjacent to GB
  • near porta hep
  • left medial segment
119
Q

S/S fatty liver disease

A
  • asymptomatic
  • alcohol abuse
  • chemo
  • diabetes
  • elevated LFTs
  • hyperlipidemia
  • obesity
  • pregnancy
120
Q

what two LFTs are usually elevated with fatty liver?

A

AST and ALT

121
Q

S/A diffuse fatty liver disease

A
  • echogenic liver
  • increased attenuation of the sound beam
  • wall of hepatic vasculature and diaphragm will be hard to visualize
122
Q

S/A focal fatty infiltration

A

hyperechoic area addicted to GB, or at porta hep

123
Q

S/A focal fatty sparing

A

hypoechoic area adjacent to GB or at porta hep

124
Q

___: inflammation of the liver which can ultimately lead to cirrhosis

A

hepatitis

125
Q

___: inflammation of the liver that has been shown to be a precursor for chronic liver disease

A

steatohepatitis

126
Q

acute hepatitis is said to resolve in ___

A

4 months

127
Q

chronic hepatitis occurs when it persists past ____

A

6 months

128
Q

what are the two most common forms of hepatitis

A

A and B

129
Q

how is hepatitis A spread

A

fecal oral route in contaminated water or food

130
Q

how is hepatitis B spread

A

contact with contaminated body fluids

131
Q

what is the leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States

A

hepatitis C

132
Q

how is hepatitis C spread

A

contaminated blood or body fluids

133
Q

what are some causes of chronic hepatitis

A
  • wilson disease
  • hemochromatosis
  • autoimmune disorders
  • drug induced
134
Q

hemochromatosis results from excessive ___

A

iron

135
Q

jaundice related to hepatitis is referred to as ____

A

non obstructive jaundice

136
Q

___: a condition in which a patient becomes confused or suffers from intermittent loss of consciousness secondary to the ovary exposure of the brain to toxic chemicals that the liver would normally remove from the body

A

hepatic encephalopathy

137
Q

S/S hepatitis

A
  • chills
  • dark urine
  • elevated LFTs
  • fatigue
  • fever
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • jaundice
  • nausea
  • vomiting
138
Q

S/A hepatitis

A
  • normal liver
  • large hypoechoic liver
  • periportal cuffing with starry sky
  • GB wall thickening
139
Q

what sonographic sign is seen with hepatitis

A

starry sky

140
Q

___: liver disorder that is defined as hepatocyte death, fibrosis and necrosis of the liver

A

cirrhosis

141
Q

what is the most common cause of cirrhosis

A

alcoholism

142
Q

other than alcoholism what are some other causes of cirrhosis

A
  • wilson disease
  • hepatitis
  • cholangitis
  • hemochromatosis
143
Q

what is the common pathway of liver diseases starting with alcoholism

A
  • alcoholism
  • fatty liver
  • steatohepatitis
  • cirrhosis
  • portal hypertension
  • development of varicosities
  • portal vein thrombosis
  • splenomegaly
  • HCC
144
Q

cirrhosis caused by alcoholism will lead to the development of nodules usually less than ___ where cirrhosis caused by hepatitis will lead to the development of nodules between ___

A
  • less than 1cm
  • between 1-5cm
145
Q

cirrhosis caused by ___ is micro nodular

A

alcoholic

146
Q

cirrhosis caused by ___ is macro nodular

A

hepatitis

147
Q

S/S cirrhosis

A
  • ascites
  • diarrhea
  • abnormal LFTs
  • fatigue
  • hepatomegaly
  • jaundice
  • splenomegaly
  • weight loss
148
Q

S/A cirrhosis

A
  • initially hepatosplenomegaly
  • liver will begin to shrink
  • nodular surface
  • coarse
  • ascites
  • monophasic hepatic veins
  • hepatofugal portal veins
149
Q

what is the most common cause of portal hypertension

A

cirrhosis

150
Q

___: the elevation of blood pressure within the portal venous system

A

portal hypertension

151
Q

other than cirrhosis what are some other things that can cause portal hypertension

A
  • portal vein thrombosis
  • hepatic vein thrombosis
  • IVC thrombosis
  • compression of the portal veins
152
Q

with portal hypertension the flow within the portal system can become ___

A

hepatofugal

153
Q

what are some examples of portosystemic collaterals that may result from portal hypertension

A
  • coronary vein
  • short gastric vein
  • gastrorenal pathway
  • splenorenal vein
  • umbilical vein
  • anterior abdominal wall vein
  • superior mesenteric vein
154
Q

what is one of the most common sonographically identifiable collaterals in portal hypertension

A

recanalization of the paraumbilical vein

155
Q

if the paraumbilical vein becomes patent then what happens to the blood

A

it shunts blood away from the liver and into the inferior epigastric veins or superior epigastric vein termed cruveihier baumgarten syndrome

156
Q

what does a TIPS do?

A

helps shunt blood away from the portal system in cases of portal hypertension

157
Q

S/S portal hypertension

A
  • abnormal LFTs
  • ascites
  • diarrhea
  • fatigue
  • initially hepatomegaly
  • hepatic encephalopathy
  • caput medusa
  • tremors
  • GI bleeding
158
Q

S/A portal hypertension

A
  • hepatomegaly initially
  • shrunken right lobe of liver
  • nodular
  • coarse
  • splenomegaly
  • ascites
  • monophasic flow within hepatic veins
  • heaptfugal flow within portal veins
  • enlarged portal vein (over 13mm)
  • recanalized paraumb vein
159
Q

what is the most common reason for portal vein obstruction

A

tumors from adjacent organs or lymphadenopathy

160
Q

___: a mesh of tiny blood vessels in the area of the portal veins

A

cavernous transformation of portal veins

161
Q

S/S portal vein thrombosis

A
  • abdominal pain
  • elevated LFTs
  • hypovolemia
  • leukocytosis
  • low grade fever
  • nausea
  • vomiting
162
Q

S/A portal vein thrombosis

A
  • echogenic thrombus within portal veins
  • cavernous transformation of portal veins
163
Q

___: gas within the portal veins or mesenteric veins

A

portal venous gas

164
Q

portal venous gas results from what

A
  • ischemic bowel
  • diverticulitis
  • appendicitis
  • inflammatory bowel disease
  • bowel obstruction
  • GI cancer
  • invasive procedures
165
Q

S/S portal venous gas

A

-recurrent count of diverticulitis, appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, bowel obstruction, ulcers within bowel

166
Q

S/A portal venous gas

A
  • small bright reflectors noted within circulating blood inside portal vein
  • larger air collections may produce ring down artifact
167
Q

___: occlusion of the hepatic veins with possible coexisting occlusion of the IVC

A

budd chiari syndrome

168
Q

budd chiari syndrome can be seen with what things

A
  • congenital webbing disorders
  • coagulation abnormalities
  • tumor invasion from HCC
  • oral contraceptive use
  • pregnancy
  • trauma
169
Q

S/S budd chiari

A
  • ascites
  • elevated LFTs
  • hepatomegaly
  • splenomegaly
  • upper abdominal pain
170
Q

S/A budd chiari syndrome

A
  • nonvisualization or reduced vis of hepatic veins
  • thrombus within hepatic veins
  • enlarged caudate
  • lack of flow within hepatic veins
  • narrowing of IVC
171
Q

true hepatic cysts are not usually encountered until when?

A

middle age

172
Q

S/S hepatic cysts

A
  • asymptomatic
  • possible normal LFTs
  • ADPKD
  • hemorrhagic or large cysts may cause RUQ pain
173
Q

S/A hepatic cysts

A
  • anechoic
  • may have irregular shape
  • clusters of cysts may be notes
174
Q

hydatid liver cyst may also be referred to as ____

A

echinococco cyst

175
Q

hydatid liver cysts most commonly develop from what

A

echinocactus granulosus a tapeworm that lives in dog feces

176
Q

what countries are hydatid liver cysts most common in

A
  • middle east
  • australia
  • mediterranean
177
Q

S/S hydatid liver cysts

A
  • leukocytossi
  • low grade fever
  • nausea
  • obstructive jaundice
  • RUQ tenderness
  • possible recent travel abroad
178
Q

S/A hydatid liver cysts

A
  • anechoic
  • water lily sign
  • mother cysts with daughter cyst
  • mass may contain some elements of dense calcifications
179
Q

an amebic hepatic abscess comes from what parasite

A

entamoeba histolytica

180
Q

entamoeba histolytica grows in the colon and invades the liver through what

A

portal veins

181
Q

how is amebic hepatic abscess transmitted

A

through contaminated water

182
Q

amebic hepatic abscesses are most often notes where

A

right lobe of the liver near the capsule

183
Q

what are some complications of amebic abscess

A

rupture or extension into the chest or peritoneal cavity

184
Q

S/S amebic abscess

A
  • hepatomegaly
  • RUQ or general abdominal pain
  • general malaise
  • diarrhea
  • fever
  • leukocytosis
  • elevated LFTs
  • mild anemia
  • possible recent travel abroad
185
Q

S/A amebic abscess

A
  • round hypoechoic or anechoic
  • may contain debris
  • acoustic enhancement
186
Q

___: results from the spread of infection from inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis or endocarditis

A

pyogenic hepatic abscess

187
Q

with pyogenic abscess how does the bacteria enter to the liver

A

from the portal vein, hepatic artery and or biliary tree from an operative procedure

188
Q

S/S pyogenic abscess

A
  • fever
  • hepatomegaly
  • leukocytosis
  • possibel abnormal LFTs
  • RUQ pain
189
Q

S/A pyogenic abscess

A
  • complex cyst with thick walls
  • mass may contain debris septations and or gas
  • the air within abscess may produce dirty shadowing
190
Q

hepatic candidiasis results from the spread of fungus called ____

A

Candida albicans

191
Q

S/S hepatic candidiasis

A
  • patient is usually immunocompromised
  • RUQ pain
  • fever
  • hepatomegaly
192
Q

S/A hepatic candidiasis

A
  • multiple masses with hyperechoic central portions and hypoechoic borders described as halo or target sign
  • typically 1cm or smaller
  • older lesions may calcify
193
Q

what is the most common benign liver tumor

A

cavernous hemangioma

194
Q

are cavernous hemangiomas more common in men or women

A

women

195
Q

the most common location of a cavernous hemangioma is where

A

right lobe of liver

196
Q

S/S cavernous hemangioma

A

-asymptomatic

197
Q

S/A cavernous hemangioma

A
  • small hyperechoic mass
  • typically in the right lobe
198
Q

what is the seance most common benign liver tumor

A

focal nodular hyperplasia

199
Q

is FNH more common in men or women

A

women

200
Q

FNH may enlarge because of ____

A

oral contraceptive use

201
Q

S/S focal nodular hyperplasia

A
202
Q

S/A FNH

A
  • isoechoic, hyper or hypo
  • central scar may appear as hyper or hypo linear structure within the mass
  • hypervascularity
203
Q

oral contraceptives are associated with what liver pathology

A

hepatocellular adenoma

204
Q

S/S hepatocellular adenoma

A
  • asymptomatic
  • oral contraceptive use
  • pain with hemorrhage
205
Q

S/A hepatocellular adenoma

A
  • mostly hypoechoic
  • may be hyper, iso or compromised of mixed echogenecities
206
Q

S/S hepatic lipoma

A

-asymptomatic

207
Q

S/A hepatic lipoma

A

-hyperechoic mass

208
Q

hematomas are the result of what

A

trauma or surgery

209
Q

what are the two types of hepatic hematomas

A

-intrahepatic or sub capsular

210
Q

S/S hepatic hematoma

A
  • trauma
  • recent surgery
  • pain
  • decreased hematocrit
211
Q

S/A hepatic hematoma

A
  • fresh clot may appear hyperechoic
  • older hemorrhage can appear anechoic or complex
  • may be intrahepatic or sub capsular
212
Q

what is the most common primary form of liver cancer

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

213
Q

is HCC more common in men or women

A

men

214
Q

HCC is most frequently accompanied by what things

A

cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis

215
Q

the malignant mass that is associated with HCC is ___

A

hepatoma

216
Q

S/S hepatocellular carcinoma

A
  • elevated AFP
  • abnormal LLFTs
  • cirrhosis
  • chronic hepatitis
  • unexplained weight loss
  • hepatomegaly
  • fever
  • palpable mass
  • ascites
217
Q

S/A HCC

A
  • solitary hypoechoic mass
  • heterogeneous masses scattered throughout liver
  • mass with hypoechoic halo and central echogenic portion
  • possible ascites
218
Q

what is the most common form of liver cancer

A

hepatic mets

219
Q

how do the malignant cells from other cancers mets to the liver?

A

portal veins or lymphatic channels

220
Q

target lesions is a common appearance of what form of hepatic mets

A

lung or colon mets to the liver

221
Q

calcified tumors is a common appearance of what form of mets to the liver

A

GI tract and pancreas

222
Q

hypoechoic masses can be a common appearance of what form of mets to the liver

A

breast, lung or lymphoma

223
Q

S/S hepatic mets

A
  • abnormal LFTs
  • mass or masses demonstrating hypoechoic rim and central echogenic region
  • diffusely heterogeneous liver
  • possible ascites
224
Q

normal portal vein velocity should be between ____

A

20-40 cm/sec

225
Q

the hepatic artery should be ___ resistive

A

low

226
Q

normal hepatic artery RI should be ___

A

between 0.5 and 0.8

227
Q

where is the most common located for a TIPS stent to be placed?

A

between the right portal vein and right hepatic vein

228
Q

what is the normal flow velocity for a TIPS

A

between 90-190 per second

229
Q

what are some signs of TIPS failure

A
  • signs of clot within
  • stenosis of the shunt
  • stenosis of hepatic vein
  • reversal of intraheptaic flow
  • drop in shunt velocity
  • abnormally high or low shunt velocity
230
Q

what is the most common disease requiring a liver transplant

A

hepatits C

231
Q

what is the most common most common vascular complication of a liver transplant

A

hepatic artery thrombosis

232
Q

how does infarction of the liver appear on ultrasound

A

hypoechoic wedge shaped area scattered throughout periphery

233
Q

what are some complications of liver transplant

A
  • biliary stricture
  • cholangitis
  • biliary sludge
  • hepatic artery stenosis
  • celiac artery stenosis
  • portal vein stenosis
  • thrombosis
  • fluid collections
234
Q

what is the most common benign liver childhood tumor

A

infantile hemangioendothelioma

235
Q

when is infantile hemangioendothelioma usually identified?

A

in the first few weeks or months of life

236
Q

S/S infantile hemangioendothelioma

A
  • pediatric
  • hepatomegaly
  • may cause hemangiomas of the skin
237
Q

S/A infantile hemangioendothelioma

A
  • homogeneous pr complex hepatic mass
  • may contain calcs or cystic spaces
238
Q

what is the most common malignant tumor of childhood?

A

hepatoblastoma

239
Q

when are hepatoblastomas usually discovered

A

before the age of 5 usually around 2 years

240
Q

thereis a high incidence of hepatoblastomas in children with ___

A

beckwith Wiedemann syndrome

241
Q

S/S hepatoblastoma

A
  • pediatric
  • asymptomatic
  • palblable abdominal mass
  • hepatomegaly
  • abdominal pain
  • weight loss
  • anorexia
  • elevated AFP
  • jaundice
242
Q

S/A hepatoblastoma

A
  • solid hyperechoic or heterogeneous mass
  • mass may contain some calcs
243
Q

Lable the lobes of the liver

A

A. 2

B. 1

C. 3

244
Q

Lable the liver segments

A

A. 4

B. 3

C. 1

D. 2

245
Q

label the liver segments

A

A. 7

B. 8

C. 4

D. 2

246
Q

Lablen the liver segments

A

A. 7

B. 6

247
Q

Label the liver segments

A

A. 7

B. 5

C. 8

D. 4

248
Q

Label the parts of the mickey mouse sign

A

A. CBD

B. Hepatic artery

C. portal vein

249
Q

these images show what kind of liver disease

A

fatty liver or hepatic steatosis

250
Q

what liver disease is shown here

A

fatty infiltration

251
Q

what liver disease is shwon here

A

focal fatty sparing

252
Q

the image below is showing the starry sky sign, what liver diseae is associated with this sign?

A

hepatitis

253
Q

what liver disease is shown here

A

cirrhosis

254
Q

what liver disease is shown here

A

hydatid liver cyst

255
Q

what liver disease is shown here

A

amebic abscess

256
Q

what liver abscess is shown here

A

pyogenic abscess

257
Q

what liver pathology is shwon here

A

hepatic candidiasis

258
Q

what liver pathology is shown here

A

cavernous hemangioma

259
Q

what liver pathology is shown here

A

focal nodular hyperplasia

260
Q

what liver pathology is shown here

A

hepatocellular adenoma

261
Q

the arrows in this image are pointing to what, which is associated with what?

A

hepatoma which is associated with HCC

262
Q

what is being shown in this image

A

liver mets

263
Q

what pediatric liver disease is shown here

A

infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma

264
Q

what infantile liver disease is shown here

A

hepatoblastoma

Vocab Abdomen (14 decks)

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