The Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

___: inflammation of the appendix

Answer 1

acute appendicitis

Question 2

___: cancer originating in glandular tissue

Answer 2

adenocarcinoma

Question 3

___: a dense, calcified stone within the appendix

Answer 3

appendicolith

Question 4

___: a disorder in which the immune system attacks normal tissue

Answer 4

autoimmune disorder

Question 5

___: masses of various ingested materials that may cause an intestinal obstruction

Answer 5

bezoars

Question 6

___: a sonographic sign associated with pyloric stenosis in the long axis

Answer 6

cervix sign

Question 7

___: a sonographic sign associated with the appearance of intussusception

Answer 7

cinnamon bun sign

Question 8

___: operator-applied transducer pressure on a structure during a sonographic examination

Answer 8

compression sonography

Question 9

___: an autoimmune disease characterized by periods of inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 9

Crohn disease

Question 10

___: the inflammation of diverticuli within the digestive tract, most often in the sigmoid colon

Answer 10

diverticulitis

Question 11

___: the development of small outpouchings termed diverticuli in the digestive tract, most often in the sigmoid colon

Answer 11

diverticulosis

Question 12

___: a sonographic sign associated with pyloric stenosis in the short axis

Answer 12

doughnut sign

Question 13

___: the proximal portion of the duodenum closest to the stomach

Answer 13

duodenal bulb

Question 14

___: functional endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

Answer 14

endometriosis

Question 15

___: a stone that consists of feces

Answer 15

fecalith

Question 16

___: the junction between the stomach and the esophagus

Answer 16

gastroesophageal junction

Question 17

___: an abnormality in which fluid is allowed to reflux out of the stomach back into the esophagus

Answer 17

gastroesophageal reflux

Question 18

___: a defect in the relaxation of the pyloric sphincter that leads to the enlargement of the pyloric muscles and closure of the pyloric sphincter

Answer 18

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 19

___: the telescoping of one segment of bowel into another; most often the proximal segment of the bowel inserts into the distal segment

Answer 19

intussusception

Question 20

___: the proximal segment of the bowel with intussusception

Answer 20

intussusceptum

Question 21

___:intussuscipiens

Answer 21

the distal segment of the bowel with intussusception

Question 22

___: to insert

Answer 22

invaginate

Question 23

___: a bezoar that consists of powdered milk

Answer 23

lactobezoar

Question 24

___: an elevated white blood cell count

Answer 24

leukocytosis

Question 25

___: a point halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus; the area of pain and rebound tenderness in patients suffering from acute appendicitis

Answer 25

McBurney point

Question 26

___: a situation in which bowel is physically blocked by something

Answer 26

mechanical obstruction

Question 27

___: a common congenital outpouching of the wall of the small intestine

Answer 27

Meckel diverticulum

Question 28

___: a malignant form of cancer found most often on the skin

Answer 28

melanoma

Question 29

___: abnormal rotation of the bowel that leads to a

proximal small bowel obstruction

Answer 29

midgut malrotation

Question 30

___: not containing bile

Answer 30

nonbilious

Question 31

___: a situation in which bowel is blocked because of the lack of normal peristalsis of a bowel segment or segments; also referred to as a paralytic ileus

Answer 31

nonmechanical obstruction

Question 32

___: when the pyloric sphincter muscle is enlarged and palpable on physical examination of the abdomen; often indicative of pyloric stenosis

Answer 32

olive sign

Question 33

___: fat around the intestines

Answer 33

perienteric fat

Question 34

___: contractions that move in a wavelike pattern to propel a substance

Answer 34

peristalsis

Question 35

___: a bezoar that consists of vegetable matter

Answer 35

phytobezoars

Question 36

___: an intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that result from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or possibly a malignant tumor of the appendix

Answer 36

pseudomyxoma peritonei

Question 37

___: a temporary spasm and thickening of the pyloric sphincter that can replicate the sonographic appearance of pyloric stenosis

Answer 37

pylorospasm

Question 38

___: pain encountered after the removal of pressure; a common clinical finding in patients suffering from acute appendicitis

Answer 38

rebound tenderness

Question 39

___: feces that contains a mixture of mucus and blood; a common clinical finding in patients suffering from intussusception

Answer 39

red currant jelly stool

Question 40

___: the sonographic appearance of the hyperechoic edematous connective tissue that surrounds the inflamed appendix

Answer 40

thyroid in the belly sign

Question 41

___: a bezoar that consists of matted hair

Answer 41

trichobezoars

Question 42

___: performed by attempting to forcibly exhale while

keeping the mouth and nose closed

Answer 42

Valsalva technique

Question 43

___: a blind-ended tube that is connected to the cecum of the colon

Answer 43

vermiform appendix

Question 44

___: a situation in which a loop of bowel twists upon itself

Answer 44

volvulus