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Vocab Abdomen > The Bile Ducts > Flashcards

The Bile Ducts Flashcards

1
Q

___: inflammation of the pancreas secondary to the leakage of pancreatic enzymes from the acinar cells into the parenchyma of the organ

A

acute pancreatitis

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2
Q

___: the merging point of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct just before the sphincter of Oddi; also referred to as the hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

ampulla of Vater

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3
Q

___: an infection of the small intestine that is caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, a parasitic roundworm

A

ascariasis

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4
Q

___: a congenital disease described as the narrowing or obliteration of all or a portion of the biliary tree

A

biliary atresia

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5
Q

___: pain secondary to a blockage of the biliary tree

A

biliary colic

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6
Q

___: a condition in which bile is stagnant and allowed to develop
into sludge or stones

A

biliary stasis

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7
Q

___: a yellowish pigment found in bile that is produced by the breakdown of old red blood cells by the liver

A

bilirubin

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8
Q

___: a green pigment found in the bile

A

biliverdin

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9
Q

___: a congenital disorder characterized by segmental dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts

A

Caroli disease

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10
Q

___: the presence of echogenic dots in the nondependent part of the dilated duct representing small fibrovascular bundles; seen with Caroli disease

A

central dot sign

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11
Q

___: fever, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice associated with cholangitis

A

Charcot triad

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12
Q

___: primary bile duct cancer

A

cholangiocarcinoma

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13
Q

___: a radiographic procedure in which contrast is injected
into the bile ducts to assess for the presence of disease

A

cholangiography

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14
Q

___: inflammation of the bile ducts

A

cholangitis

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15
Q

___: the recurring destruction of the pancreatic tissue that results in atrophy, fibrosis, scarring, and the development of calcifications within the gland

A

chronic pancreatitis

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16
Q

___: coexisting dilation of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct

A

double-duct sign

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17
Q

___: endoscopic procedure that utilizes fluoroscopy to evaluate the biliary tree and pancreas

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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18
Q

___: the level of the biliary tree where the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct meet; may also be referred to as the ampulla of Vater

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

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19
Q

___: the muscle that controls the emptying of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum; may also be referred to as the sphincter of Oddi

A

hepatopancreatic sphincter

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20
Q

___: chronic inflammation of all or parts of the bowel

A

inflammatory bowel disease

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21
Q

___: a malignant biliary tumor located at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts

A

Klatskin tumor

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22
Q

___: a clinical condition when the patient presents with jaundice, pain, and fever secondary to a lodged stone in the cystic duct causing compression of the common duct

A

Mirizzi syndrome

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23
Q

___: the enlargement of the common duct to the size of the adjacent portal vein within the porta hepatis

A

parallel tube sign

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24
Q

___: air within the biliary tree

A

pneumobilia

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25
\_\_\_: severe itchiness of the skin
pruritu
26
\_\_\_: the enlargement of the common duct to the size of the adjacent portal vein within the porta hepatis; also referred to as the parallel tube sign
shotgun sign
27
\_\_\_: the muscle that controls the emptying of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum; also referred to as the hepatopancreatic sphincter
sphincter of Oddi
28
\_\_\_: an inflammatory bowel disease that leads to the development of ulcers within the bowel
ulcerative colitis
29
what is bile made of
- cholesterol - bilirubin - biliverdin - bile acids
30
where does bile first accumulate
in the small intrahepatic biliary radicles that are located throughout the liver
31
each portal triad consists of what
- hepatic artery - portal vein - intrahepatic duct
32
what two ducts units together to form the common hepatic duct
right and left hepatic ducts
33
the GB is attached to the biliary tree by the \_\_\_
cystic duct
34
\_\_\_: tiny structures within the cystic duct that prevent the cystic duct from collapsing or distending
spiral valves of Heister
35
what is the hormone that encourages the GB to contract
cholecystokinin
36
when the Gb contracts and empties bile into the biliary tree at the level of \_\_\_\_
prox CBD
37
where does the CBD meet up with the main pancreatic duct
ampulla of vater
38
v the opening that allows bile and pancreatic juices to flow into the duodenum
sphincter of oddi
39
list the flow of bile starting with the liver
liver- biliary radicles- right or left hepatic ducts- common hepatic duct- cystic duct- gallbladder- CBD- ampulla of vater- sphincter of oddi- duodenum
40
in general a CBD that exceeds __ is typically abnormal
6mm
41
the intrahepatic ducts are considered dilated if measuring more than \_\_\_
2mm
42
where should your calipers be places when measuring the ducts
inner to inner
43
what is considered the most distal part of the CBD
at the pancreas head
44
where is the most common level for obstruction
the distal part of the CBD
45
what are the most common causes of bile duct obstructions
- choledochallithiasis - chronic pancreatitis - acute pancreatitis - pancreatic carcinoma
46
jaundice occurs as a consequence of what
bilirubin accumulation within the tissues of the body
47
\_\_\_: the presence of gallstones within the bile ducts
choledochalithiasis
48
with choledochalithiasis where are most stores located
near the ampulla of vater
49
an uncommon manifestation of choledocholithiasis is \_\_\_
mirizzi syndrome
50
\_\_\_: a lodged stone in the cystic duct with subsequent compression of the cannon duct
mirizzi syndrome
51
S/S choledocholithiasis
- jaundice - elevated ALP, ALT, GGT, bilirubin - RUQ pain
52
S/A choledocholithiasis
- echogenic foci within bile duct that ay or may not shadow - may have biliary dilation but not always
53
\_\_\_: inflammation of the biliary ducts
cholangitis
54
when the bile duct walls thicken greater than ___ one should suspect some form of cholangitis
5mm
55
what is the most common cause of cholangitis
some type of obstructive disease
56
what are the different types of cholangitis
- acute bacterial - AIDS - oriental (recurrent pyogenic cholangitis) - sclerosing
57
acute bacterial cholangitis is typically preceded by what
biliary obstruction
58
cholangitis can lead to what liver diseases
cirrhosis and portal hypertension
59
S/S cholangitis
- charcot triad - leukocytosis - elevated ALP, ALT, GGT, bilirubin
60
S/A cholangitis
- biliary dilatation - biliary sludge or pus - choledocholithiasis - bile duct wall thickening
61
what does Charcot triad consist of
- fever - RUQ pain - Jaundice
62
sclerosis cholangitis is associated with what
inflammatory bowel disease or ulcerative colitis
63
\_\_\_: air within the biliary tree
pneumobilia
64
pneumobiliar may be associated with what things
- recent biliary or gastric surgery - emphysematous or prolonged acute cholecystitis - fistula formation
65
S/S pneumobilia
- recent biliary or gastric surgery - symptoms of acute cholecystitis
66
S/A pneumobilia
- echogenic linear structures within the ducts - ring down artifact and dirty shadowing
67
\_\_\_: infection of the small intestine that is caused by a parasitic roundworm
ascariasis
68
what is the roundworm that causes ascariasis
ascaris lumbricoides
69
how does ascariasis travel to the biliary tree
develops in the small intestine and makes its way to the biliary tree via the ampulla of vater
70
S/S ascariasis
- asymptomatic - may have symptoms of inflammation of the biliary tree, gb, or pancreas
71
S/A ascariasis
- the worm will be notes within the biliary duct as an echogenic linear structure in the sagittal plane - movement of the worm will be seen
72
\_\_\_: primary biliary tree cancer
cholangiocarcinoma
73
what is the most common risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma
primary sclerosis cholangitis
74
\_\_\_ is the most common manifestation of cholangiocarcinoma
klatskin tumors
75
where are klatskin tumors located
at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts
76
S/S cholangiocarcinoma
- jaundice - pruritus - weight loss - abdominal pain - abdominal pain - elevated bilirubin - elevated ALP
77
S/A cholangiocarcinoma
- dilated intrahepatic ducts that abruptly terminate at the level of the tumor - a solid mass may be noted within the liver ducts
78
\_\_\_: the narrowing or obliteration of all or portions of the biliary tree
biliary atresia
79
infants with biliary atresia will suffer from what
cirrhosis and portal hypertension
80
what sonographic sign is associated with biliary atresia
triangular cord sign
81
S/S biliary atresia
- neonatal jaundice - elevated AST, ALT, and bilirubin
82
S/A biliary atresia
- absent biliary ducts - triangular cord sign - cirrhosis ad portal hypertension
83
choledochal cysts can lead to what things
- cholangitis - portal hypertension - pancreatitis - liver failure
84
S/S choledochal cyst
- jaundice - pain - fever
85
S/A choledochal cyst
- cystic mass in the area of the porta hepatic - biliary dilatation
86
Carol disease is seen in association with what
cystic renal disease
87
\_\_\_: a congenital disorder characterized by segmental dilatation of intrahepatic ducts
Caroli disease
88
S/S caroli disease
- pain - fever - jaundice - signs of portal hypertension
89
S/A Carol disease
- segmental dilation of intrahepatic ducts - may have cystic renal disease - centra dot sign
90
what is the arrow pointing to
choledocolithiasis
91
what are the yellow arows pointing to
cholangitis
92
what is shown here by the arrow
pneumobilia
93
what pathology is shwon here
cholangiocarcinoma
94
what sign is shown here and what is it associated with
triagnular cord sign associated with biliary atresia
95
what pathology is shwon here
choledochal cyst
96
what is shown in thsi image
caroli disease
97
what pathology is shown here
mirizzi syndrome

Vocab Abdomen (14 decks)

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