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Vocab Abdomen > The Bile Ducts > Flashcards

The Bile Ducts Flashcards

1
Q

___: inflammation of the pancreas secondary to the leakage of pancreatic enzymes from the acinar cells into the parenchyma of the organ

A

acute pancreatitis

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2
Q

___: the merging point of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct just before the sphincter of Oddi; also referred to as the hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

ampulla of Vater

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3
Q

___: an infection of the small intestine that is caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, a parasitic roundworm

A

ascariasis

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4
Q

___: a congenital disease described as the narrowing or obliteration of all or a portion of the biliary tree

A

biliary atresia

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5
Q

___: pain secondary to a blockage of the biliary tree

A

biliary colic

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6
Q

___: a condition in which bile is stagnant and allowed to develop
into sludge or stones

A

biliary stasis

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7
Q

___: a yellowish pigment found in bile that is produced by the breakdown of old red blood cells by the liver

A

bilirubin

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8
Q

___: a green pigment found in the bile

A

biliverdin

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9
Q

___: a congenital disorder characterized by segmental dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts

A

Caroli disease

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10
Q

___: the presence of echogenic dots in the nondependent part of the dilated duct representing small fibrovascular bundles; seen with Caroli disease

A

central dot sign

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11
Q

___: fever, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice associated with cholangitis

A

Charcot triad

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12
Q

___: primary bile duct cancer

A

cholangiocarcinoma

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13
Q

___: a radiographic procedure in which contrast is injected
into the bile ducts to assess for the presence of disease

A

cholangiography

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14
Q

___: inflammation of the bile ducts

A

cholangitis

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15
Q

___: the recurring destruction of the pancreatic tissue that results in atrophy, fibrosis, scarring, and the development of calcifications within the gland

A

chronic pancreatitis

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16
Q

___: coexisting dilation of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct

A

double-duct sign

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17
Q

___: endoscopic procedure that utilizes fluoroscopy to evaluate the biliary tree and pancreas

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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18
Q

___: the level of the biliary tree where the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct meet; may also be referred to as the ampulla of Vater

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

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19
Q

___: the muscle that controls the emptying of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum; may also be referred to as the sphincter of Oddi

A

hepatopancreatic sphincter

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20
Q

___: chronic inflammation of all or parts of the bowel

A

inflammatory bowel disease

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21
Q

___: a malignant biliary tumor located at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts

A

Klatskin tumor

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22
Q

___: a clinical condition when the patient presents with jaundice, pain, and fever secondary to a lodged stone in the cystic duct causing compression of the common duct

A

Mirizzi syndrome

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23
Q

___: the enlargement of the common duct to the size of the adjacent portal vein within the porta hepatis

A

parallel tube sign

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24
Q

___: air within the biliary tree

A

pneumobilia

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25
Q

___: severe itchiness of the skin

A

pruritu

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26
Q

___: the enlargement of the common duct to the size of the adjacent portal vein within the porta hepatis; also referred to as the parallel tube sign

A

shotgun sign

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27
Q

___: the muscle that controls the emptying of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum; also referred to as the hepatopancreatic sphincter

A

sphincter of Oddi

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28
Q

___: an inflammatory bowel disease that leads to the development of ulcers within the bowel

A

ulcerative colitis

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29
Q

what is bile made of

A
  • cholesterol
  • bilirubin
  • biliverdin
  • bile acids
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30
Q

where does bile first accumulate

A

in the small intrahepatic biliary radicles that are located throughout the liver

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31
Q

each portal triad consists of what

A
  • hepatic artery
  • portal vein
  • intrahepatic duct
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32
Q

what two ducts units together to form the common hepatic duct

A

right and left hepatic ducts

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33
Q

the GB is attached to the biliary tree by the ___

A

cystic duct

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34
Q

___: tiny structures within the cystic duct that prevent the cystic duct from collapsing or distending

A

spiral valves of Heister

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35
Q

what is the hormone that encourages the GB to contract

A

cholecystokinin

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36
Q

when the Gb contracts and empties bile into the biliary tree at the level of ____

A

prox CBD

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37
Q

where does the CBD meet up with the main pancreatic duct

A

ampulla of vater

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38
Q

v the opening that allows bile and pancreatic juices to flow into the duodenum

A

sphincter of oddi

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39
Q

list the flow of bile starting with the liver

A

liver- biliary radicles- right or left hepatic ducts- common hepatic duct- cystic duct- gallbladder- CBD- ampulla of vater- sphincter of oddi- duodenum

40
Q

in general a CBD that exceeds __ is typically abnormal

A

6mm

41
Q

the intrahepatic ducts are considered dilated if measuring more than ___

A

2mm

42
Q

where should your calipers be places when measuring the ducts

A

inner to inner

43
Q

what is considered the most distal part of the CBD

A

at the pancreas head

44
Q

where is the most common level for obstruction

A

the distal part of the CBD

45
Q

what are the most common causes of bile duct obstructions

A
  • choledochallithiasis
  • chronic pancreatitis
  • acute pancreatitis
  • pancreatic carcinoma
46
Q

jaundice occurs as a consequence of what

A

bilirubin accumulation within the tissues of the body

47
Q

___: the presence of gallstones within the bile ducts

A

choledochalithiasis

48
Q

with choledochalithiasis where are most stores located

A

near the ampulla of vater

49
Q

an uncommon manifestation of choledocholithiasis is ___

A

mirizzi syndrome

50
Q

___: a lodged stone in the cystic duct with subsequent compression of the cannon duct

A

mirizzi syndrome

51
Q

S/S choledocholithiasis

A
  • jaundice
  • elevated ALP, ALT, GGT, bilirubin
  • RUQ pain
52
Q

S/A choledocholithiasis

A
  • echogenic foci within bile duct that ay or may not shadow
  • may have biliary dilation but not always
53
Q

___: inflammation of the biliary ducts

A

cholangitis

54
Q

when the bile duct walls thicken greater than ___ one should suspect some form of cholangitis

A

5mm

55
Q

what is the most common cause of cholangitis

A

some type of obstructive disease

56
Q

what are the different types of cholangitis

A
  • acute bacterial
  • AIDS
  • oriental (recurrent pyogenic cholangitis)
  • sclerosing
57
Q

acute bacterial cholangitis is typically preceded by what

A

biliary obstruction

58
Q

cholangitis can lead to what liver diseases

A

cirrhosis and portal hypertension

59
Q

S/S cholangitis

A
  • charcot triad
  • leukocytosis
  • elevated ALP, ALT, GGT, bilirubin
60
Q

S/A cholangitis

A
  • biliary dilatation
  • biliary sludge or pus
  • choledocholithiasis
  • bile duct wall thickening
61
Q

what does Charcot triad consist of

A
  • fever
  • RUQ pain
  • Jaundice
62
Q

sclerosis cholangitis is associated with what

A

inflammatory bowel disease or ulcerative colitis

63
Q

___: air within the biliary tree

A

pneumobilia

64
Q

pneumobiliar may be associated with what things

A
  • recent biliary or gastric surgery
  • emphysematous or prolonged acute cholecystitis
  • fistula formation
65
Q

S/S pneumobilia

A
  • recent biliary or gastric surgery
  • symptoms of acute cholecystitis
66
Q

S/A pneumobilia

A
  • echogenic linear structures within the ducts
  • ring down artifact and dirty shadowing
67
Q

___: infection of the small intestine that is caused by a parasitic roundworm

A

ascariasis

68
Q

what is the roundworm that causes ascariasis

A

ascaris lumbricoides

69
Q

how does ascariasis travel to the biliary tree

A

develops in the small intestine and makes its way to the biliary tree via the ampulla of vater

70
Q

S/S ascariasis

A
  • asymptomatic
  • may have symptoms of inflammation of the biliary tree, gb, or pancreas
71
Q

S/A ascariasis

A
  • the worm will be notes within the biliary duct as an echogenic linear structure in the sagittal plane
  • movement of the worm will be seen
72
Q

___: primary biliary tree cancer

A

cholangiocarcinoma

73
Q

what is the most common risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma

A

primary sclerosis cholangitis

74
Q

___ is the most common manifestation of cholangiocarcinoma

A

klatskin tumors

75
Q

where are klatskin tumors located

A

at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts

76
Q

S/S cholangiocarcinoma

A
  • jaundice
  • pruritus
  • weight loss
  • abdominal pain
  • abdominal pain
  • elevated bilirubin
  • elevated ALP
77
Q

S/A cholangiocarcinoma

A
  • dilated intrahepatic ducts that abruptly terminate at the level of the tumor
  • a solid mass may be noted within the liver ducts
78
Q

___: the narrowing or obliteration of all or portions of the biliary tree

A

biliary atresia

79
Q

infants with biliary atresia will suffer from what

A

cirrhosis and portal hypertension

80
Q

what sonographic sign is associated with biliary atresia

A

triangular cord sign

81
Q

S/S biliary atresia

A
  • neonatal jaundice
  • elevated AST, ALT, and bilirubin
82
Q

S/A biliary atresia

A
  • absent biliary ducts
  • triangular cord sign
  • cirrhosis ad portal hypertension
83
Q

choledochal cysts can lead to what things

A
  • cholangitis
  • portal hypertension
  • pancreatitis
  • liver failure
84
Q

S/S choledochal cyst

A
  • jaundice
  • pain
  • fever
85
Q

S/A choledochal cyst

A
  • cystic mass in the area of the porta hepatic
  • biliary dilatation
86
Q

Carol disease is seen in association with what

A

cystic renal disease

87
Q

___: a congenital disorder characterized by segmental dilatation of intrahepatic ducts

A

Caroli disease

88
Q

S/S caroli disease

A
  • pain
  • fever
  • jaundice
  • signs of portal hypertension
89
Q

S/A Carol disease

A
  • segmental dilation of intrahepatic ducts
  • may have cystic renal disease
  • centra dot sign
90
Q

what is the arrow pointing to

A

choledocolithiasis

91
Q

what are the yellow arows pointing to

A

cholangitis

92
Q

what is shown here by the arrow

A

pneumobilia

93
Q

what pathology is shwon here

A

cholangiocarcinoma

94
Q

what sign is shown here and what is it associated with

A

triagnular cord sign associated with biliary atresia

95
Q

what pathology is shwon here

A

choledochal cyst

96
Q

what is shown in thsi image

A

caroli disease

97
Q

what pathology is shown here

A

mirizzi syndrome

Vocab Abdomen (14 decks)

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