The Urinary System

Question 1

The kidneys are supplied blood by ____ arteries, which arise from the ______ _____

Answer 1

renal

abdominal aorta

Question 2

The renal _____ is the entry and exit site to the kidneys

Answer 2

hylem

Question 3

The 2 main sections of the kidney are the _____ _____ (outer section) and the ______ ______ (inner section)

Answer 3

renal cortex

renal medulla

Question 4

The renal cortex dips in and forms renal ______ , which divide the kidney into 6-8 lobes

Answer 4

columns

Question 5

Each lobe consists of a renal _____ and the renal cortex above it.

Answer 5

pyramid

Question 6

Renal _____ lie at the tip of each pyramid

Answer 6

papillae

Question 7

Renal papillae are bundles of collecting ducts that transport urine to the ____ of the kidneys for excretion via the ______

Answer 7

calyces

ureter

Question 8

Order these structures in the order that follows the flow of urine:
ureter
major calyx
collecting duct
urethra
minor calyx
renal papillae 
urinary bladder
renal pelvis

Answer 8

collecting duct
renal papillae
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra

Question 9

___ ____ return cleansed blood to the inferior vena cava.

Answer 9

renal veins

Question 10

The ______ is the functional units of the kidney

Answer 10

nepron

Question 11

Each nephron is made up of the renal ____ (the glomerulus and the bowmans capsule) and the renal _____ (proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule)

Answer 11

corpuscle

tubule

Question 12

The first role of the nephron is ____ which occurs across the ______

Answer 12

filtration

glomerulus

Question 13

The glomerulus receives blood supply from _____ arterioles and exits into _____ arterioles

Answer 13

afferent

efferent

Question 14

The glomerulus filters out … (3)

Answer 14

electrolytes, water, waste products

Question 15

At the proximal convoluted tubule, ___(7things)___ are reabsorbed into the blood

Answer 15

water, sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate

Question 16

The ______ _______ ______ contains the filtrate from the bowmans capsule.

Answer 16

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 17

The loop of henle has 2 parts - an _____ part and a ____ part

Answer 17

ascending

descending

Question 18

____ is reabsorbed at the descending part of the loop of henle

Answer 18

water

Question 19

_____ ______ is reabsorbed at the ascending part of the loop of henle

Answer 19

sodium chloride

Question 20

The _____ ______ ______ joins the thick section of the ascending loop of henle to the collecting duct.

Answer 20

distal convoluted tubule

Question 21

The distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs ____ and _____ , and secretes ______

Answer 21

sodium and water

potassium

Question 22

Each distal convoluted tubule delivers filtrate to a system of _____ ____

Answer 22

collecting ducts

Question 23

_____ ______ (ADH) increases permeability of collecting ducts to water, so more water is reabsorbed into the blood and retained

Answer 23

antidiuretic hormone

Question 24

When there is an excess of water in the body, ADH secretion increases/decreases

Answer 24

decreases

Question 25

In the collecting duct system, _____ , _____ and _____ are reabsorbed into the blood stream

Answer 25

water
sodium
chlorine

Question 26

If sodium levels in the blood decrease, _____ is released, causing an increase in the reabsorption of sodium by the distal tubules and collecting duct

Answer 26

aldosterone

Question 27

Ureters are muscular tubes which carry urine from the renal ____ to the _____

Answer 27

pelvis

bladder

Question 28

the opening to the urethra is guarded by _____ muscles

Answer 28

sphincter