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Science Module > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

The main chemical messengers are _____ and _____

A

neurotransmitters

hormones

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2
Q

Hormones can be _____ soluble or ____ soluble

A

lipid

water

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3
Q

Lipid soluble hormones attach to _____ ____ for transport through the blood.

A

plasma proteins

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4
Q

_____ soluble hormones circulate freely in blood.

A

water

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5
Q

_____ soluble hormones have a longer half life - why?

A

water

attached to plasma proteins - prevents diffusion/excretion from the blood

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6
Q

The 3 main mechanisms of hormonal secretion regulation are _____ stimuli, ______ stimuli and _____ stimuli

A

humoral
neural
hormonal

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7
Q

If blood calcium is low, parathyroid hormone (secreted by parathyroid glands) causes osteoclasts to release calcium into blood. Which mechanism of regulation of secretion is this?

A

Humoral stimuli

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8
Q

_____ stimuli is stimulated by the nervous system and _____ stimuli is regulation by other hormones

A

neural

hormonal

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9
Q

Actions of hormones happen when they bind to _____ ____ on specific protein receptors

A

receptor sites

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10
Q

_____ _____ hormones pass through the cell membrane , link with a receptor in the nucleus/cytoplasm, link with DNA and bring about a cellular response.

A

lipid soluble

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11
Q

_____ ______ hormones link with a membrane receptor which causes reactions with membrane proteins to produce cAMP, which causes the cellular responses

A

water soluble

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12
Q

_____ hormones are hormones which target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion

A

trophic

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13
Q

The pituitary gland is separated into the ____ and ____ pituitary.

A

anterior

posterior

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14
Q

Hormones are released in the hypothalamus and travel through the blood which stimulates production of hormones in the ______ pituitary

A

anterior

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15
Q

The _____ pituitary is part of the nervous system and releases hormones into the blood stream due to the linked nerves from the hypothalamus.

A

posterior

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16
Q

The anterior pituitary secretes … (6)

A 
growth hormone (GH)
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
luteinising hormone (LH)
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
prolactin
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17
Q

The posterior pituitary secretes …

A

oxytocin

antidiuretic hormone

18
Q

The thyroid gland releases thyroid hormones (thyroxin and triiodothyronine) and ______

A

calcitonin

19
Q

The parathyroid glands release ______ which manages the ____ within blood

A

parathyroid

calcium

20
Q

The adrenal gland is made up of the adrenal ____ and the adrenal _____

A

cortex

medulla

21
Q

Aldosteron, cortisol and arenal androgens are produced in the adrenal ____

A

cortex

22
Q

Adrenaline and noradrenaline are produced in the adrenal _____

A

medulla

23
Q

Pancreatic _____ release _____ and _____ into capillaries

A

islets
insulin
glucagon

24
Q

The pineal gland is located between ______ of the brain and secretes ____

A

melatonin

25
Q

The thymus gland secretes _____ which plays a role in _____

A

thymosin

immunity

26
Q

_____ has the function of stimulating and sustaining milk production after birth

A

prolactin

27
Q

_____ _____ _____ regulates the production and secretion of thyroid.

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

28
Q

_______ hormone controls secretion of certain hormones from the adrenal cortex

A

adrenocorticotrophic

29
Q

____ _____ hormone targets the reproductive organs and helps woth the development of egg and sperm

A

follicle stimulating

30
Q

_____ hormone promotes secretion of sex hormones

A

luteinising

31
Q

_____ hormone causes kidneys to conserve water

A

antidiuretic

32
Q

______ contracts smooth muscle in uterine wall

A

oxytocin

33
Q

____ and _____ (produced by the ____) control blood glucose levels

A

insulin
glucagon
pancreas

34
Q

____ hormones (thyroxine and triidothyronine) target most tissues to increase rate of reactions

A

thyroid

35
Q

____ (produced in the thyroid gland) decreases calcium and phosphate concentration within the blood

A

calcitonin

36
Q

_____ hormone increases calcium and phosphate concentration within the blood

A

parathyroid

37
Q

_____ and _____ target all tissues and control the fight or flight response

A

adrenaline

noradrenaline

38
Q

____ regulates concentration of extracellular electrolytes by conserving sodium ions and excreting potassium

A

aldosterone

39
Q

_____ decreases protein synthesis, increases fatty acid release and is produced in the adrenal cortex

A

cortisol

40
Q

____ _____ supplement sex hormones and are produced in the adrenal cortex

A

adrenal androgens

Science Module (17 decks)

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