The Endocrine System

Question 1

The main chemical messengers are _____ and _____

Answer 1

neurotransmitters

hormones

Question 2

Hormones can be _____ soluble or ____ soluble

Answer 2

lipid

water

Question 3

Lipid soluble hormones attach to _____ ____ for transport through the blood.

Answer 3

plasma proteins

Question 4

_____ soluble hormones circulate freely in blood.

Answer 4

water

Question 5

_____ soluble hormones have a longer half life - why?

Answer 5

water

attached to plasma proteins - prevents diffusion/excretion from the blood

Question 6

The 3 main mechanisms of hormonal secretion regulation are _____ stimuli, ______ stimuli and _____ stimuli

Answer 6

humoral
neural
hormonal

Question 7

If blood calcium is low, parathyroid hormone (secreted by parathyroid glands) causes osteoclasts to release calcium into blood. Which mechanism of regulation of secretion is this?

Answer 7

Humoral stimuli

Question 8

_____ stimuli is stimulated by the nervous system and _____ stimuli is regulation by other hormones

Answer 8

neural

hormonal

Question 9

Actions of hormones happen when they bind to _____ ____ on specific protein receptors

Answer 9

receptor sites

Question 10

_____ _____ hormones pass through the cell membrane , link with a receptor in the nucleus/cytoplasm, link with DNA and bring about a cellular response.

Answer 10

lipid soluble

Question 11

_____ ______ hormones link with a membrane receptor which causes reactions with membrane proteins to produce cAMP, which causes the cellular responses

Answer 11

water soluble

Question 12

_____ hormones are hormones which target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion

Answer 12

trophic

Question 13

The pituitary gland is separated into the ____ and ____ pituitary.

Answer 13

anterior

posterior

Question 14

Hormones are released in the hypothalamus and travel through the blood which stimulates production of hormones in the ______ pituitary

Answer 14

anterior

Question 15

The _____ pituitary is part of the nervous system and releases hormones into the blood stream due to the linked nerves from the hypothalamus.

Answer 15

posterior

Question 16

The anterior pituitary secretes … (6)

Answer 16

growth hormone (GH)
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
luteinising hormone (LH)
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
prolactin

Question 17

The posterior pituitary secretes …

Answer 17

oxytocin

antidiuretic hormone

Question 18

The thyroid gland releases thyroid hormones (thyroxin and triiodothyronine) and ______

Answer 18

calcitonin

Question 19

The parathyroid glands release ______ which manages the ____ within blood

Answer 19

parathyroid

calcium

Question 20

The adrenal gland is made up of the adrenal ____ and the adrenal _____

Answer 20

cortex

medulla

Question 21

Aldosteron, cortisol and arenal androgens are produced in the adrenal ____

Answer 21

cortex

Question 22

Adrenaline and noradrenaline are produced in the adrenal _____

Answer 22

medulla

Question 23

Pancreatic _____ release _____ and _____ into capillaries

Answer 23

islets
insulin
glucagon

Question 24

The pineal gland is located between ______ of the brain and secretes ____

Answer 24

melatonin

Question 25

The thymus gland secretes _____ which plays a role in _____

Answer 25

thymosin | immunity

Question 26

_____ has the function of stimulating and sustaining milk production after birth

Answer 26

prolactin

Question 27

_____ _____ _____ regulates the production and secretion of thyroid.

Answer 27

thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 28

_______ hormone controls secretion of certain hormones from the adrenal cortex

Answer 28

adrenocorticotrophic

Question 29

____ _____ hormone targets the reproductive organs and helps woth the development of egg and sperm

Answer 29

follicle stimulating

Question 30

_____ hormone promotes secretion of sex hormones

Answer 30

luteinising

Question 31

_____ hormone causes kidneys to conserve water

Answer 31

antidiuretic

Question 32

______ contracts smooth muscle in uterine wall

Answer 32

oxytocin

Question 33

____ and _____ (produced by the ____) control blood glucose levels

Answer 33

insulin glucagon pancreas

Question 34

____ hormones (thyroxine and triidothyronine) target most tissues to increase rate of reactions

Answer 34

thyroid

Question 35

____ (produced in the thyroid gland) decreases calcium and phosphate concentration within the blood

Answer 35

calcitonin

Question 36

_____ hormone increases calcium and phosphate concentration within the blood

Answer 36

parathyroid

Question 37

_____ and _____ target all tissues and control the fight or flight response

Answer 37

adrenaline | noradrenaline

Question 38

____ regulates concentration of extracellular electrolytes by conserving sodium ions and excreting potassium

Answer 38

aldosterone

Question 39

_____ decreases protein synthesis, increases fatty acid release and is produced in the adrenal cortex

Answer 39

cortisol

Question 40

____ _____ supplement sex hormones and are produced in the adrenal cortex

Answer 40

adrenal androgens