The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system is made up of 3 main aspects - ____ input, integration and processing and______ output

A

sensory

motor

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2
Q

Nervous tissue contains _____ and ______

A

neurons

neuroglia (glial cells/glia)

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3
Q

The nervous system is organised into the _____ nervous system and the ______ nervous system

A

central

peripheral

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4
Q

The central nervous system is made up of the ____ and _____ _____

A

brain

spinal cord

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5
Q

The peripheral nervous system is made up of the _______ nervous system (voluntary - controls skeletal muscle) and the ______ nervous system (controls involuntary effects - eg smooth and cardiac muscle)

A

somatic

autonomic. ( the autonomic nervous system can be further divided into sympathetic (fight/flight) and parasympathetic (quiet, resting) divisions.

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6
Q

_______ are the functional units of the nervous system and are responsible for generating and conducting impulses

A

neurons

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7
Q

Neurons are made up of the _____ ______ , ______ and ______ .

A

cell body
dendrites
axons

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8
Q

_____ neurons conduct impulses from peripheral body parts into the brain/spinal cord

A

sensory (afferent)

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9
Q

_________ lie within the brain or spinal cord and link other neurons

A

interneurons

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10
Q

____ neurons conduct impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to the effectors

A

motor (efferent)

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11
Q

______ are cells which support, protect, insulate and nourish neurons.

A

neuroglia (Glial cells/glia)

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12
Q

There are 4 types of neuroglia in the central nervous system - name them

A

Microglia
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
Ependymal cells

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13
Q

_____ produce insulating layers of myelin called a myelin sheath within the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

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14
Q

_____ are the most numerous of glial cells and play a big part in maintaining the blood brain barrier

A

astrocytes

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15
Q

____ develop from monocytes and acts as phagocytes in the CNS

A

microglia

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16
Q

______ _____ line the cavities in the brain and central spinal cord within the CNS- they produce cerebrospinal fluid

A

ependymal cells

17
Q

The 2 type of neuroglia in the PNS are _____ cells and _____ cells

A

schwann

satellite

18
Q

Schwann cell produce a _____ ______ around peripheral axons

A

myelin sheath

19
Q

Satellite cells provide a protective coat around cell bodies of ______ ______

A

peripheral neurons

20
Q

When nerves in the ______ nervous system are damaged their axons may regenerate , however damaged axons within the _____ nervous system usually do not regenerate

A

peripheral

central

21
Q

The ____ ______ is the charge within the cell

A

membrane potential

22
Q

A myelin sheath on an axon _____ the speed of conduction of the impulse to the axon terminal .

23
Q

The ______ period is the short period of time during and after an action potential during which a threshhold stimulus cant generate another action potential.

A

refractory

24
Q

The functional connection between 2 neurons is called the _____

25
The neurons at a synapse are separated by a _____ _____
synaptic cleft
26
_____ are chemicals which carry out synaptic transmittion
neurotransmitters
27
Neurotransmitters can be exitatory or inhibitory - _____ neurotransmitters open sodium channels allowing sodium to enter the axon which causes depolarisation and makes the action potential more likely to occur
exitatory
28
A ____ is a bundle of axons bound together by layers of connective tissue
nerve
29
The ______ is a 3 layered membrane which covers and protects the brain and spinal cord
meninges
30
The meninges is made up of .... (3) (outer to inner)
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
31
_______ fluid lies between the _____ _____ and _____ ______ (a space called the _______ space)
cerebrospinal arachnoid mater pia mater subarachnoid space