The Nervous System Flashcards
The nervous system is made up of 3 main aspects - ____ input, integration and processing and______ output
sensory
motor
Nervous tissue contains _____ and ______
neurons
neuroglia (glial cells/glia)
The nervous system is organised into the _____ nervous system and the ______ nervous system
central
peripheral
The central nervous system is made up of the ____ and _____ _____
brain
spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system is made up of the _______ nervous system (voluntary - controls skeletal muscle) and the ______ nervous system (controls involuntary effects - eg smooth and cardiac muscle)
somatic
autonomic. ( the autonomic nervous system can be further divided into sympathetic (fight/flight) and parasympathetic (quiet, resting) divisions.
_______ are the functional units of the nervous system and are responsible for generating and conducting impulses
neurons
Neurons are made up of the _____ ______ , ______ and ______ .
cell body
dendrites
axons
_____ neurons conduct impulses from peripheral body parts into the brain/spinal cord
sensory (afferent)
_________ lie within the brain or spinal cord and link other neurons
interneurons
____ neurons conduct impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to the effectors
motor (efferent)
______ are cells which support, protect, insulate and nourish neurons.
neuroglia (Glial cells/glia)
There are 4 types of neuroglia in the central nervous system - name them
Microglia
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
Ependymal cells
_____ produce insulating layers of myelin called a myelin sheath within the CNS
oligodendrocytes
_____ are the most numerous of glial cells and play a big part in maintaining the blood brain barrier
astrocytes
____ develop from monocytes and acts as phagocytes in the CNS
microglia
______ _____ line the cavities in the brain and central spinal cord within the CNS- they produce cerebrospinal fluid
ependymal cells
The 2 type of neuroglia in the PNS are _____ cells and _____ cells
schwann
satellite
Schwann cell produce a _____ ______ around peripheral axons
myelin sheath
Satellite cells provide a protective coat around cell bodies of ______ ______
peripheral neurons
When nerves in the ______ nervous system are damaged their axons may regenerate , however damaged axons within the _____ nervous system usually do not regenerate
peripheral
central
The ____ ______ is the charge within the cell
membrane potential
A myelin sheath on an axon _____ the speed of conduction of the impulse to the axon terminal .
increases
The ______ period is the short period of time during and after an action potential during which a threshhold stimulus cant generate another action potential.
refractory
The functional connection between 2 neurons is called the _____
synapse
The neurons at a synapse are separated by a _____ _____
synaptic cleft
_____ are chemicals which carry out synaptic transmittion
neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters can be exitatory or inhibitory - _____ neurotransmitters open sodium channels allowing sodium to enter the axon which causes depolarisation and makes the action potential more likely to occur
exitatory
A ____ is a bundle of axons bound together by layers of connective tissue
nerve
The ______ is a 3 layered membrane which covers and protects the brain and spinal cord
meninges
The meninges is made up of …. (3) (outer to inner)
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
_______ fluid lies between the _____ _____ and _____ ______ (a space called the _______ space)
cerebrospinal
arachnoid mater
pia mater
subarachnoid space
