The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
The _____ circuit describes the blood flow between the heart and lungs.
Pulmonary
picks up O2, drops off CO2
The ______ circuit describes the blood flow between the heart and body tissues.
Systemic
drops off O2, picks up CO2
The pericardium of the heart is made up of the _______ pericardium and the ______ pericardium.
Fibrous (outer)
Serous (inner)
The serous pericardium is a double layer made up of the _____ pericardium and the _____ pericardium, with the pericardial cavity between.
Parietal (outer)
Visceral (inner)
The wall of the heart is made up of what 3 layers?
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium (or visceral pericardium)
The ____ receive blood returning to the heart and the ____ pump blood out of the heart.
Atria
Ventricles
Why is the right ventricle wall thinner than the left ventricle wall?
The right ventricle pumps blood only to the lungs whereas the left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body.
Blood enters the right atrium through the ______ and ______.
Vena cava and coronary sinus
The ______ ______ carry blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Pulmonary arteries
Blood flows from the lungs to the left atrium through the ____ _______.
Pulmonary veins
Where is the tricuspid valve and what is its function?
right atrioventricular valve
At the opening between the right atrium and ventricle.
Prevent backflow of blood into right atrium.
Where is the mitral/bicuspid valve and whats its function?
left atrioventricular valve
At the opening between the left atrium and ventricle, prevents backflow of blood into left atrium.
Where is the pulmonary valve and whats its function?
right semilunar valve
Entrance to the pulmonary trunk
Prevents backflow of blood from pulmonary trunk into right ventricle
Where is the aortic valve and what is its function?
left semilunar valve
Entrance to the aorta
Prevents backflow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle.
The atrioventricular valves have ____ _____ which are attached to _____ _____ , which prevent the backflow of blood through the valves.
Chordae tendinae
Papillary muscles
____ are connections which provide alternative pathways for blood in case of a blockage.
Anastomoses
______ veins drain blood from the heart muscle and carry it to the ____ ____ where it travels into the right atrium.
Cardiac
Coronary sinus
Name the 4 valves in the heart in the order blood would pass through them.
Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary valve, Bicuspid/mitral valve, Aortic valve
Place these components of the cardiac conduction system in the correct order :
Purkinje fibres Atrial syncytium AV bundle Bundle branches Ventricular syncytium AV Node Junctional fibres SA Node
SA node Atrial syncytium Junctional fibres AV node AV bundle Bundle Branches Purkinje fibres Ventricular syncytium
Heart rate is controlled by the _____ nervous system.
autonomic (intrinsic control-within the heart)
______ impulses increase the speed and strength of heart contractions.
Sympathetic
______ impulses decrease the heart rate
parasympathetic
The ______ reflexes within the cardiac centre detect changes in blood pressure.
Baroreceptor
The baroreceptor reflexes are the ______ reflex and the _______ reflex.
Cardioinhibitor
cardioaccellerator
Extrinsic control of the heart is controlled by the cardiac centre, located in the _____ ______. (maintains a balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic impulses)
Medulla oblongata
The cardioinhibitor reflex responds to an ____ in blood pressure - the baroreceptors send impulses to the medulla oblongata, which sends _______ impulses to the SA node to ____ heart rate, resulting in a ____ in cardio output and BP.
increase
parasympathetic
slow
decrease
The cardioaccelerator reflex responds to a ______ in blood pressure - the baroreceptors send impulses to the medulla oblongata, which sends ______ impulses to the SA node to _____ heart rate, resulting in an ____ in cardio output and BP.
decrease
sympathetic
increase
increase
The cardiac centre also responds to … which influence heart rate (3)
Increased body temperature
concentrations of some ions
emotions
In the cardiovascular system, what vessels are the site of nutrient, gas and waste exchange?
Capillaries
