Muscle

Question 1

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

Question 2

In skeletal muscle, _____ is dense connective tissue which surrounds and separates each muscles and gives rise to tendons that are fused to the periostium of bones.

Answer 2

fascia

Question 3

The _____ lies around the outer layer of muscle

Answer 3

epimysium

Question 4

The ____ surrounds fascicles (bundles of skeletal muscle fibres)

Answer 4

perimysium

Question 5

The _____ surrounds each muscle fibre in a fascicle

Answer 5

endomysium

Question 6

The _____ is the cell membrane of a muscle cell

Answer 6

sarcolemma

Question 7

The _____ is the cytoplasm within a that muscle cell

Answer 7

sarcoplasm

Question 8

____ are made up of thick (myosin) and thin(actin) filaments (sacromeres) which allow muscles to contract and relax and are within the sarcoplasm

Answer 8

myofibrils

Question 9

Arrangement of thick and thin filaments within myofibrils result in light and dark bands called striations. The dark bands are called __ bands and the light __ bands

Answer 9

dark - A

light - I

Question 10

Muscle contraction is the shortening of ______ due to the binding of myosin to actin.

Answer 10

sacromeres

Question 11

Skeletal muscles contract only when stimulated by a ____ ______

Answer 11

motor neuron

Question 12

Neurotransmitters are released at _____ between axons and muscle fibres

Answer 12

synapses

Question 13

Neurotransmitters are synthesised in the _____ of the motor neuron and released by ____ _____

Answer 13

cytoplasm

synaptic vesicles

Question 14

The neurotransmitters diffuse across the _____ ____ , bind to the end plate and stimulate muscle fibres to contract.

Answer 14

synaptic cleft

Question 15

______ is the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction

Answer 15

acetylcholine

Question 16

The muscle relaxes after the nerve impulse stops - the enzyme ________ decomposes acetylcholine using the energy of ATP

Answer 16

acetylcholinesterase

Question 17

_____ is the source of energy for muscle contraction and is stored in muscles

Answer 17

ATP

Question 18

_____ _____ synthesises and regenerates ATP

Answer 18

creatine phosphate

Question 19

If there is no creatine phosphate, ______ ______ is used as an energy source to synthesis ATP

Answer 19

cellular respiration

Question 20

In cellular respiration, _____ is broken down to form ATP - it can be aerobic (producing 30 ATP molecules per glucose molecule) or anaerobic (producing 2 ATPs per glucose)

Answer 20

glucose

Question 21

In aerobic respiration, _____ _____ is exhaled

Answer 21

carbon dioxide

Question 22

In anaerobic respiration, ____ ____ is accumulated

Answer 22

lactic acid

Question 23

_____ fibres make up the majority of muscle fibres- they allow powerful contractions for short term activities and use anaerobic respiration

Answer 23

fast

Question 24

____ fibres provide prolonged contraction and use aerobic contraction

Answer 24

slow

Question 25

_____ fibres have more mitochondria than ____ fibres

Answer 25

slow

fast

Question 26

_____ fibres store glycogen

Answer 26

fast

Question 27

_____ is an enlargement in muscle, _____ is a decrease in muscle size

Answer 27

hypertrophy

atrophy

Question 28

The ______ _____ is the minimum stimulus required to generate an impulse through the muscle fibre, release calcium ions, activate cross bridges and contract the muscle.

Answer 28

threshold stimulus

Question 29

______ ______ of muscles allows performance of daily activities

Answer 29

sustained contractions

Question 30

_____ ____ is a continuous state of sustained contractions which allows the maintenance of posture

Answer 30

muscle tone

Question 31

Contractions can either be ______ (involve shortening of the muscle) or ______ (no shortening of muscle) , but most movements involve a combination of both types.

Answer 31

Isotonic

Isometric

Question 32

Smooth muscle contractions are stimulated by ____ and ______

Answer 32

acetylcholine

norepinephrine

Question 33

In multiunit smooth muscle, fibres occur separately and are stimulated by _____ and some ____

Answer 33

nerves

hormones

Question 34

Visceral smooth muscle occurs in ____ and fibres can stimulate each other and display rhythmicity, eg peristalsis

Answer 34

sheets

Question 35

Cardiac muscle is found only in the ____ , and consists of branching, ______ cells

Answer 35

heart

striated

Question 36

_____ _____ join cells and transmit the force of contraction within cardiac muscle

Answer 36

intercalated discs

Question 37

Skeletal muscles usually function in groups - the _____ is the muscle that causes the action and does the majority of the work.
The ______ are muscles that assist the prime mover.
The _____ are muscles that oppose an action.

Answer 37

Agonist
Synergists
Antagonists