Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main components of blood ?

A

Plasma
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
white blood cells (leukocytes)
platelets (thrombocytes)

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2
Q

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are shaped in ______ ______.

A

Biconcave disks

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3
Q

Red blood cells are one third ______.

A

Haemoglobin

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4
Q

What is the function of haemoglobin in RBCs?

A

Transports O2 and some CO2 through the blood

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5
Q

Red blood cells are produced from ______ ____ _____ in red bone marrow

A

Hematopoetic stem cells

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6
Q

_____ is the hormone that regulates the number of RBCs and stimulates the production of them.

A

erythropoetin

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7
Q

Erthropoetin is released from the _____ and _____.

A

liver and kidney

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8
Q

Old red blood cells are broken down and phagocytized by ______ in the liver and spleen.

A

macrophages

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9
Q

White blood cells (leukocytes) are formed from ______ stem cells in red bone marrow.

A

hematopoetic

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10
Q

White blood cells travel to sites of infection and leave the bloodstream by ______.

A

Diapedesis

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11
Q

White blood cells are attracted to damaged tissues - called _____ ____

A

positive chemotaxis

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12
Q

White blood cells move by ______ motion

A

amoeboid

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13
Q

The 2 categories of hormones that stimulate the production of WBCs are ______ and _____ _____ ______

A

Interleukins

colony stimulating factors (CSFs)

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14
Q

What are the different types of White blood cells?

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes.

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15
Q

What are the 2 most common types of white blood cells?

A

Neutrophils and lymphocytes

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16
Q

What 2 types of white blood cells are strong phagocytes?

A

Neutrophils and monocytes

17
Q

_____ (WBC) are weak phagocytes

A

Eosinophils

18
Q

_______ (WBCs) promote inflamation by producing heparin and histamine

19
Q

_____ (WBCs) are responsible for immunity

A

Lymphocytes

20
Q

Blood Platelets ( Thrombocytes) are fragments of ______

A

Megakaryocytes

21
Q

Blood platelets develop from hematopoetic stem cells in response to the hormone ______

A

Thrombopoetin

22
Q

Thrombopoetin is produced in the _____ and controls the development of blood platelets

23
Q

____ is the liquid part of blood

24
Q

____ and _____ are suspended in plasma

A

cells

platelets

25
____ are the most abundant dissolved substance in plasma
proteins
26
Name the 3 types of protein found in plasma. | rank them in order of abundance
Albumins - most abundant globulins - 2nd most abundant fibrinogens - least abundant
27
Name the 3 types of globulins within plasma
Alpha globulins Beta globulins Gamma globulins
28
All of the proteins within plasma originate from the liver apart from ____ which originate from lymphatic tissue
Gamma globulins
29
_____ regulates the pH of plasma
Bicarbonate
30
_____ within the plasma is used for energy or transported to the liver for conversion to glycogen/fat.
Glucose
31
______ _____ within plasma are transported to the liver where they are used to produce new proteins or broken down for energy.
Amino Acids
32
______ are not soluble in plasma so attach to ______ for transport through the bloodstream
Lipids | proteins
33
Plasma also includes non protein nitrogenous substances (NPNs) including..... (5)
amino acids, urea, uric acid, creatin, creatinine