The Urinary System Flashcards
A wave of smooth muscle contractions that propels materials along the axis of a tube. Ex: digestive tract, ureters or the ductus deferens
Peristalsis
Eliminates the dissolved organic waste products generated by cells throughout the body:
Function of the urinary system
Regulates blood volume and blood pressure by releasing hormones into the bloodstream:
Function of the urinary system
Helps to maintain plasma ion concentrations:
Function of the urinary system
Located in the retroperitoneal space where urine is formed:
Kidneys
Ureters:
Used for transporting the urine to the storage compartment, the bladder, via peristalsis.
Passes through this to exit the body:
Urethra
Components of the urinary system are:
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
Temporarily stores urine prior to elimination:
Urinary bladder
The kidney is divided into:
The outer cortex and inner medulla
Urine production occurs where:
Renal pyraminds
The medulla contains 6 to 18:
Renal pyramids
The tip of the renal pyramid is called:
The renal papillae
Renal papilla discharge urine into a cup-shaped drain called:
Minor calyx
4 or 5 minor calyces merge to form:
Major calyces
Both minor and major calyces form a large, funnel-shaped chamber called:
The renal pelvis
The renal pelvis is connected to the:
Ureter, through which urine drains out of the kidney
Nephron:
Basic functional unit in the kidney
Nephron consists of two main parts:
Renal corpuscle and Renal tubule
A round structure that consists of a cup-shaped chamber that contains a capillary network or glomerulus:
Renal corpuscle
Blood arrives the glomerulus and departs the glomerulus by way of what two things:
Afferent arteriole- arrives
Efferent arteriole- departs
Blood pressure forces fluid and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries and into surrounding capsular space through what process:
Filtration
Filtration produces a protein-free solution known as”
Filtrate
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) are major segments of:
The renal tubule
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR):
Simply the amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute
What are the three metabolic waste products that the kidneys remove from the blood:
- Urea- from the breakdown of amino acids
- Creatinine- from the breakdown of creatine phosphate
- Uric Acid- from the breakdown and recycling of RNA
The DCT loops around and passes right between the afferent and efferent arterioles at a junction called:
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
The renal system contributes to pH regulation by a process known as:
Renal compensation
Secrete or absorb hydrogen ions or bicarbonate ions in response to changes in the fltrate pH:
Kidney tubules
Increases the water permeability at the DCT and collecting duct; stimulating reabsorption of water from the tubular fluid and causes the sensationof thirst:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions and the secretion of potassium ions at the DCT:
Aldosterone
- Decreasing the rate of sodium ion absorption at the DCT leading to increased urine loss
- Dilating the glomerular capillaries which results in an increased GFR
- Inhibitsing the release of ADH, aldosterone and renin
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
