Cardiovascular System: Blood

Question 1

General functions of blood:

Answer 1

1. Transportation
2. Regulation
3. Protection

Question 2

Some materials transported by the blood:

Answer 2

Nutrients, waste, gases and hormones

Question 3

The blood helps regulate:

Answer 3

Fluid-electrolyte balance, acid-base balance and the body temperature

Question 4

Protection against pathogens is provided by:

Answer 4

White blood cells, and the blood clotting mechanism prevents excessive loss of blood after injuries

Question 5

Nonliving fluid matrix:

Answer 5

Plasma

Question 6

Complex connectivetissue in which living blood cells are:

Answer 6

Formed elements

Question 7

The liquid part of blood and is approximately 91% water:

Answer 7

Plasma

Question 8

The most abundant plasma protein; contributes to the colloid osmotic pressurre of blood:

Answer 8

Albumin

Question 9

Transport proteins for lipid-soluble vitamins and fat molecules:

Answer 9

Globulins

Question 10

Initiate the destruction of pathogens and provide us with immunity:

Answer 10

Antibodies

Question 11

The precentage of erythrocytes in whole blood is known as:

Answer 11

Hematocrit

Question 12

Act in various ways to protect the body:

Answer 12

Leukocytes (White blood cells)

Question 13

Erythrocytes (Red blood cells):

Answer 13

Function in oxygen transport

Question 14

Platelets:

Answer 14

Cell fragments that function in the blood-clotting process

Question 15

Process by which red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are made:

Answer 15

Hemopoiesis

Question 16

Two kinds of hemopoietic tissues:

Answer 16

Red bone marrow- found in flat and irregular bones

Lymphatic tissue- found in the spleen, lymph nodes and thymus gland

Question 17

Function of precursor cells (stem cells):

Answer 17

Constantly undergo mitosis to produce all the kinds of blood cells, most of which are RBC’s

Question 18

What does erythropoietin do:

Answer 18

Stimulates the red bone marrow to increase the rate of RBC production

Question 19

Only human cell without nuclei:

Answer 19

Red Blood Cells

Question 20

Function of RBC:

Answer 20

Provide a stable environment for the protein hemoglobin (Hb), which gives them the ability to carry oxygen

Question 21

A determination of a hemoglobin level is part of a:

Answer 21

Complete blood count (CBC)

Question 22

Measure of the total volume of the erythrocytes relative to the total volume of whole blood in a sample is:

Answer 22

Hematocrit

Question 23

Organs that contain macrophages are:

Answer 23

Liver, spleen and red bone marrow

Question 24

What can cause jaundice:

Answer 24

Bilirubin not excreted properly and staying in the blood

Question 25

Heme is converted into:

Answer 25

Bilirubin

Question 26

What part of the hemoglobin cannot be recycled and is a waste product:

Answer 26

Heme portion

Question 27

ABO group contains four blood types:

Answer 27

A, B, AB and O

Question 28

Which type blood has the A antigen and the B antibodies:

Answer 28

Type A

Question 29

Which blood type has the B antigen and the A antibodies:

Answer 29

Type B

Question 30

Which blood type has A and B antigen and no antibodies:

Answer 30

Type AB

Question 31

Which blood type has no antigens and A and B antibodies:

Answer 31

Type O

Question 32

The "universal donor" is:

Answer 32

Type O

Question 33

Universal recipient is:

Answer 33

Type AB

Question 34

What is another antigen that may be present in RBC, often called D:

Answer 34

Rh factor

Question 35

Two groups of white blood cells:

Answer 35

Grangular and agranular

Question 36

The granular leukocytes are produced in the red bone marrow, these are:

Answer 36

Neutrophils, eosinophilsand basophils

Question 37

Another name for white blood cells:

Answer 37

Leukocytes

Question 38

Agranular leukocytes which are produced in the lymphatic tissue of the spleen, lymph, nodes and thymus as well as in red bone marrow are:

Answer 38

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 39

The most abundant phagocyte, capable of the phagocytosis of pathogens:

Answer 39

Neutrophils

Question 40

Anticoagulant that helps prevent abnormal clotting within blood vessels:

Answer 40

Heparin

Question 41

Released as part of the inflammation process and it makes capillaries more permeable:

Answer 41

Histamine

Question 42

Contain granules of heparin and histamine:

Answer 42

Basophils

Question 43

Recognize foreign antigens and destroy them:

Answer 43

T cells

Question 44

Two major kinds of lymphocytes:

Answer 44

T cells and B cells

Question 45

Produce antibodies to foreign antigens (give long term immunity):

Answer 45

B cells

Question 46

Most efficient phagocyte since they differentiate into macrophages:

Answer 46

Monocytes

Question 47

Leukocytosis (high WBC count):

Answer 47

Often an indication of infection

Question 48

Formal name for platelets:

Answer 48

Thrombocytes

Question 49

Three mechanisms of hemostasis:

Answer 49

1. Vascular spasm 2. Plaelet plugs 3. Chemical clotting

Question 50

Hemostasis means:

Answer 50

Prevention of blood loss. Three mechanisms- Vascular spasm, Platelet plugs and Chemical clotting

Question 51

Stage1, prothrombin activator Stage 2, reaction. The product of stage 2 thrombin Stage 3, the clot itself is made of fibrin This describes:

Answer 51

Chemical Clotting

Question 52

Platelet factors, chemicals released by damaged tissues, calcium ions and plasma proteins synthesized by the liver are:

Answer 52

Chemicals involved in clotting

Question 53

Thrombosis refers to:

Answer 53

Clotting in an intact vessel

Question 54

a clot or other tissue transported from elsewhere that lodges in and obstructs a vessel is:

Answer 54

An embolism