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A&P > Cardiovascular System: Blood > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

General functions of blood:

A
  1. Transportation
  2. Regulation
  3. Protection
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2
Q

Some materials transported by the blood:

A

Nutrients, waste, gases and hormones

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3
Q

The blood helps regulate:

A

Fluid-electrolyte balance, acid-base balance and the body temperature

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4
Q

Protection against pathogens is provided by:

A

White blood cells, and the blood clotting mechanism prevents excessive loss of blood after injuries

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5
Q

Nonliving fluid matrix:

A

Plasma

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6
Q

Complex connectivetissue in which living blood cells are:

A

Formed elements

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7
Q

The liquid part of blood and is approximately 91% water:

A

Plasma

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8
Q

The most abundant plasma protein; contributes to the colloid osmotic pressurre of blood:

A

Albumin

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9
Q

Transport proteins for lipid-soluble vitamins and fat molecules:

A

Globulins

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10
Q

Initiate the destruction of pathogens and provide us with immunity:

A

Antibodies

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11
Q

The precentage of erythrocytes in whole blood is known as:

A

Hematocrit

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12
Q

Act in various ways to protect the body:

A

Leukocytes (White blood cells)

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13
Q

Erythrocytes (Red blood cells):

A

Function in oxygen transport

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14
Q

Platelets:

A

Cell fragments that function in the blood-clotting process

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15
Q

Process by which red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are made:

A

Hemopoiesis

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16
Q

Two kinds of hemopoietic tissues:

A

Red bone marrow- found in flat and irregular bones

Lymphatic tissue- found in the spleen, lymph nodes and thymus gland

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17
Q

Function of precursor cells (stem cells):

A

Constantly undergo mitosis to produce all the kinds of blood cells, most of which are RBC’s

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18
Q

What does erythropoietin do:

A

Stimulates the red bone marrow to increase the rate of RBC production

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19
Q

Only human cell without nuclei:

A

Red Blood Cells

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20
Q

Function of RBC:

A

Provide a stable environment for the protein hemoglobin (Hb), which gives them the ability to carry oxygen

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21
Q

A determination of a hemoglobin level is part of a:

A

Complete blood count (CBC)

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22
Q

Measure of the total volume of the erythrocytes relative to the total volume of whole blood in a sample is:

A

Hematocrit

23
Q

Organs that contain macrophages are:

A

Liver, spleen and red bone marrow

24
Q

What can cause jaundice:

A

Bilirubin not excreted properly and staying in the blood

25
Q

Heme is converted into:

A

Bilirubin

26
Q

What part of the hemoglobin cannot be recycled and is a waste product:

A

Heme portion

27
Q

ABO group contains four blood types:

A

A, B, AB and O

28
Q

Which type blood has the A antigen and the B antibodies:

A

Type A

29
Q

Which blood type has the B antigen and the A antibodies:

A

Type B

30
Q

Which blood type has A and B antigen and no antibodies:

A

Type AB

31
Q

Which blood type has no antigens and A and B antibodies:

A

Type O

32
Q

The “universal donor” is:

A

Type O

33
Q

Universal recipient is:

A

Type AB

34
Q

What is another antigen that may be present in RBC, often called D:

A

Rh factor

35
Q

Two groups of white blood cells:

A

Grangular and agranular

36
Q

The granular leukocytes are produced in the red bone marrow, these are:

A

Neutrophils, eosinophilsand basophils

37
Q

Another name for white blood cells:

A

Leukocytes

38
Q

Agranular leukocytes which are produced in the lymphatic tissue of the spleen, lymph, nodes and thymus as well as in red bone marrow are:

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes

39
Q

The most abundant phagocyte, capable of the phagocytosis of pathogens:

A

Neutrophils

40
Q

Anticoagulant that helps prevent abnormal clotting within blood vessels:

A

Heparin

41
Q

Released as part of the inflammation process and it makes capillaries more permeable:

A

Histamine

42
Q

Contain granules of heparin and histamine:

A

Basophils

43
Q

Recognize foreign antigens and destroy them:

A

T cells

44
Q

Two major kinds of lymphocytes:

A

T cells and B cells

45
Q

Produce antibodies to foreign antigens (give long term immunity):

A

B cells

46
Q

Most efficient phagocyte since they differentiate into macrophages:

A

Monocytes

47
Q

Leukocytosis (high WBC count):

A

Often an indication of infection

48
Q

Formal name for platelets:

A

Thrombocytes

49
Q

Three mechanisms of hemostasis:

A
  1. Vascular spasm
  2. Plaelet plugs
  3. Chemical clotting
50
Q

Hemostasis means:

A

Prevention of blood loss.

Three mechanisms- Vascular spasm, Platelet plugs and Chemical clotting

51
Q

Stage1, prothrombin activator

Stage 2, reaction. The product of stage 2 thrombin

Stage 3, the clot itself is made of fibrin

This describes:

A

Chemical Clotting

52
Q

Platelet factors, chemicals released by damaged tissues, calcium ions and plasma proteins synthesized by the liver are:

A

Chemicals involved in clotting

53
Q

Thrombosis refers to:

A

Clotting in an intact vessel

54
Q

a clot or other tissue transported from elsewhere that lodges in and obstructs a vessel is:

A

An embolism

A&P (11 decks)

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