The Muscular System

Question 1

Three types of muscle tissue:

Answer 1

1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Smooth Muscle
3. Cardiac Muscle

Question 2

This type of muscle connects the bones of the skeleton:

Answer 2

Skeletal Muscle

Question 3

Involuntary muscle, the cells are not striped and primarily found in the viscera (internal organs):

Answer 3

Smooth Muscle

Question 4

Found exclusively within the myocardium:

Answer 4

Cardiac Muscle

Question 5

List the 5 functions of the skeletal muscle:

Answer 5

1. Produce movement
2. Maintain posture and body position
3. Support the soft tissues
4. Guard entrances and exits
5. Maintain body temperature

Question 6

Elongated cells with some reaching one or two feet in lenght:

Answer 6

Muscle fibers

Question 7

Surrounding each individual muscle fiber is a layer of connective tissue called:

Answer 7

Endomysium

Question 8

Refers to a compartment containing muscle fibers and their respective endomysiums:

Answer 8

Fascicle

Question 9

Surrounding each fascicle is another layer of connective tissue called:

Answer 9

perimysium

Question 10

The muscle is actually a collection of fascicles and perimysiums wrapped in another layer of connective tissue know as:

Answer 10

Epimysium

Question 11

Term for all three layers of connective tissue at this level:

Answer 11

Fascia

Question 12

Cell membrane of muscle fibers has a unique name:

Answer 12

Sarcolemma

Question 13

Unique name for the cytoplasm of muscle fiber:

Answer 13

Sarcoplasm

Question 14

Extending through the sarcoplasm the entire length of the muscle fiber are hundreds to thousands of cylindrical structures known as:

Answer 14

Myofibrils

Question 15

Sarcolemma invaginates creating tunnels known as:

Answer 15

T-tubules

Question 16

Network of membranous tunnels connects adjacent T-tubules:

Answer 16

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Sarcoplasmic reticulum forms chambers filled with calcium ions known as:

Answer 17

Cisternae

Question 18

Each individual myofibril is composed of thousands or subunits stacked end to end called:

Answer 18

Sarcomeres

Question 19

Each sarcomere is composed of three:

Answer 19

Myofilaments, two of which are involved in contraction

Question 20

Two contracting proteins in myofilaments:

Answer 20

Actin and Myosin

Question 21

In a resting state another protein in the myofibril prevents the two contracting proteins from interacting:

Answer 21

Tropomyosin

Question 22

The synapse between an axon and a muscle is called:

Answer 22

Neuromuscular junction

Question 23

Within the cytoplasm of the presynaptic axon are vesicles of the neurotransmitter:

Answer 23

Acetylcholine

Question 24

In glycolysis, the cytoplasm of every cell transforms a glucose molecule into:

Answer 24

Pyruvate, which releases two molecules of ATP

Question 25

A waste product that is removed from the intracellular environment:

Answer 25

Lactic acid

Question 26

When pyrucate cannot enter into the mitochondria and remains in the cytoplasm enzymes convert it into:

Answer 26

Lactic acid

Question 27

Functions primarily as an energy transfer molecule:

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

Excess ATP molecules release their energy to a storage molecule called:

Answer 28

Creatine Phosphate

Question 29

After releasing the energy, an ATP molecule becomes an:

Answer 29

ADP molecuel

Question 30

An oxygen-carrying protein found exclusively in red blood cells:

Answer 30

Hemoglobin

Question 31

An oxygen-binding protein found in skeletal and cardiac muscle:

Answer 31

Myoglobin

Question 32

Produced from anaerobic metabolism:

Answer 32

Lactic Acid

Question 33

Two characteristics used to describe muscle performance:

Answer 33

Power and Endurance

Question 34

The maximum amount of tension produced by that particular muscle (the amount of “pull”):

Answer 34

Power

Question 35

The amount of time the muscle can perform its particular activity:

Answer 35

Endurance

Question 36

Two types of skeletal muscle fibers:

Answer 36

Fast and slow fibers

Question 37

Take longer to contract after stimulation, contains a greater capillary supply making oxygen available in great quantities, lack power but are capable of continued conraction:

Answer 37

Slow fibers

Question 38

Responds immediately to stimulation, large reserve of glycogen, relatively few mitochondria, ATP primarily provided by glycolysis resulting in lactic acid buildup, capable of extreme power:

Answer 38

Fast fibers

Question 39

Muscles of the eye and hand are:

Answer 39

Fast fibers

Question 40

Muscles of the back and calf are:

Answer 40

Slow fibers

Question 41

Muscle whose contraction if primarily responsible for producing movement, also know as a prime mover:

Answer 41

Agonist

Question 42

Muscle whose primary action opposes the movement of another muscle:

Answer 42

Antagonist

Question 43

Muscles that assist the prime mover in working more efficiently:

Answer 43

Synergist