The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system:

A
  1. Support
  2. Leverage
  3. Protection
  4. Storage
  5. Blood cell production
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2
Q

The shaft of the long bone, surrounds the central marrow cavity:

A

Diaphysis

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3
Q

Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone:

A

Epiphyses

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3
Q

Cartilage area of a bone where growth in length occurs; between diaphysis and piphyses:

A

Epiphyseal plates or discs

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4
Q

A fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibers that surrounds bone:

A

Periosteum

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5
Q

Covers ends of bones that will articulate with out bones to prevent rubbing, grinding and wearing down of the bones:

A

Articular cartilage

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6
Q

Bone-producing cells; produce new bone matrix to repair the break:

A
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7
Q

Permit compression of the baby’s head during birth, made of fibrous connective tissue and close up by about 18 months:

A

Fontanels

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8
Q

Work to reabsorb bone matrix in the center of the diaphysis to form the marow canal; reabsorb any bone fragments:

A

Osteoclasts

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9
Q

What vitamin is needed for the efficient absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine:

A

Vitamin D3

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10
Q

Vitamins A and C are necessary for what:

A

The process of bone matrix formation (ossification)

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11
Q

Increases rate of mitosis of chondrocytes nd osteoblasts and also increases rate of protein synthesis:

A

Growth hormone (anterior pituitary)

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12
Q

Increases energy production and increases rate of protein synthesis:

A

Throxine (thyroid)

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13
Q

Increases energy production from glucose:

A

Insulin (pancreas)

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14
Q

Increases the release of calcium from the bones to the blood by activating osteoclasts:

A

Parathyroid hormone (parathyroid glands)

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15
Q

Increases absorption of calcium from the small intestine and kidneys into the bloodstream:

A

Calcitriol (kidneys)

16
Q

Causes calcium to be absorbed from the bloodstream back into the bones:

A

Calcitonin (thyroid)

17
Q

Retains calcium in bones for strength and promotes closure of the epiphyses (during puberty)- growth stops:

A

Estrogen (ovaries) and Testosterone (testes)

18
Q

Bones of arms, legs, hands and feet, longer than they are wide:

A

Long Bones

Ex: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna,metatarsals, metacarpals and phalanges

19
Q

Bones of wrists and anles (also patella) of roughly equal dimensions:

A

Short bones

Ex: Wrist bones (all of these are carpals)

Ankle bones (all of these are tarsals)

20
Q

Ribs, scapula, pelvis and cranial:

A

Flat bones

Ex: Ribs:12 pair, scapula, pelvis and cranial bones

21
Q

Vertebrae and facial bones:

A

Irregular bones

22
Q

2 major subdivisions of the skeleton:

A

Axial and Appendicular

23
Q

Axial:

A

Skull, vertebrae and rib cage

24
Q

Appendicular:

A

Pelvis, shoulder and extremities

25
Q

How many true ribs:

false ribs:

floating ribs:

A

7 true ribs

3 false ribs

2 floating ribs

26
Q

Immovable- fibrous connective tissue is between the bones:

A

Synarthosis

27
Q

Slightly movable- a disc of fibrous cartilage is between the bones:

A

Amphiarthrosis

28
Q

Freely movable joint largest category:

A

Diarthrosis

29
Q

Movement on all planes (scapula, humerus, femur and pelvis):

A

Ball and socket

30
Q

Movement in one plane (humerus and ulna, femur and tibia and between phalanges):

A

Hinge joints

31
Q

Movement in one plane with some lateral (elongated modified ball and socket):

A

Ellipsoidal joints

32
Q

Rotation (atlas/axis, radius/ulna):

A

Pivot joints

33
Q

Side to side movement (between carpals):

A

Gliding joints

34
Q

Movement in several planes (thumb):

A

Saddle joints

35
Q

Small sacs of synovial fluid that are between the joint and tendons that cross over the joint:

A

Bursae