The Skeletal System Flashcards
Functions of the skeletal system:
- Support
- Leverage
- Protection
- Storage
- Blood cell production
The shaft of the long bone, surrounds the central marrow cavity:
Diaphysis
Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone:
Epiphyses
Cartilage area of a bone where growth in length occurs; between diaphysis and piphyses:
Epiphyseal plates or discs
A fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibers that surrounds bone:
Periosteum
Covers ends of bones that will articulate with out bones to prevent rubbing, grinding and wearing down of the bones:
Articular cartilage
Bone-producing cells; produce new bone matrix to repair the break:
Permit compression of the baby’s head during birth, made of fibrous connective tissue and close up by about 18 months:
Fontanels
Work to reabsorb bone matrix in the center of the diaphysis to form the marow canal; reabsorb any bone fragments:
Osteoclasts
What vitamin is needed for the efficient absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine:
Vitamin D3
Vitamins A and C are necessary for what:
The process of bone matrix formation (ossification)
Increases rate of mitosis of chondrocytes nd osteoblasts and also increases rate of protein synthesis:
Growth hormone (anterior pituitary)
Increases energy production and increases rate of protein synthesis:
Throxine (thyroid)
Increases energy production from glucose:
Insulin (pancreas)
Increases the release of calcium from the bones to the blood by activating osteoclasts:
Parathyroid hormone (parathyroid glands)