Endocrine System Flashcards
Chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported by the bloodstream to reach target cells in other tissues:
Hormones
Coordinate cell, tissue and organ activity on a sustained, long-term basis:
Endocrine system
Produced by ductless glands and released into blood or tissue fluid:
Endocrine secretions (hormones)
Deliver their secretions through ducts or tubes onto some external or internal surface:
Exocrine glands
Hormones are divided into three groups based on their chemical structure:
- Amino acid derivatives
- Peptide hormones
- Lipid derivatives
Largest group of hormones and constitiue the majority of the hormones in the body:
The protein hormones (amino acid derivative and peptide)
Bind to very specific receptors on the cell surface:
Protein hormones
Protein hormones are referred to as:
First messengers
Capable of crossing the membrane of the cell and binding to intracellular receptors and therefore do not require receptors on the cell surface:
Lipid derivatives
Provide the basis for the control of endocrine activity:
Provides long-term regulatory control that results in relatively stable internal conditions:
Negative feedback
When your body suffers a severe cu, damage to the vessel walls releases chemicals that being the process of blood clotting. Each step of clotting releases more chemicals that accelerate the process. The only way to stop the process is by an outside force that comes in the form of a blood clot:
Positive feedback
Releases antidiuretic hormone and oxtocin into the circulation via the posterior pituitary gland:
The hypothalamus
Two classes of regulatory hormones:
Releasing hormones (RH)
Inhibiting hormones (IH)
Causes the anterior pituitary to release hormones of its own into circulation:
Releasing hormones
Stop the anterior pituitary from releasing its hormones:
Inhibiting hormones
Special hormones that regulate the activities of the anterior pituitary gland, directly into the circulation:
Regulatory hormones
Known as the master gland, secretes nine different hormones:
Pituitary
Two distinct regions of the pituitary:
Anterior and posterior
Contains endocrine cells that secrete 7 of the 9 hormones directly into the blood stream via the hypophyseal portal system:
Anterior pituitary
Stimulates the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland:
Throid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stimulates the release of steriod hormones at the adrenal glands:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Promotes egg development in the ovearies and stimulates the secretion of estrogens:
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Promotes ovarian secretions of estrogens and progestins to prepare a woman for pregnancy:
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Stimulates the production of mammary glands and production of milk:
Prolactin (PRL)
Stimulates cell growth and replication by increasing rate of protein production:
Growth hormone (GH)
Stimulates melanocytes in the skin to produce melanin:
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)