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Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported by the bloodstream to reach target cells in other tissues:

A

Hormones

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2
Q

Coordinate cell, tissue and organ activity on a sustained, long-term basis:

A

Endocrine system

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3
Q

Produced by ductless glands and released into blood or tissue fluid:

A

Endocrine secretions (hormones)

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4
Q

Deliver their secretions through ducts or tubes onto some external or internal surface:

A

Exocrine glands

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5
Q

Hormones are divided into three groups based on their chemical structure:

A
  1. Amino acid derivatives
  2. Peptide hormones
  3. Lipid derivatives
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6
Q

Largest group of hormones and constitiue the majority of the hormones in the body:

A

The protein hormones (amino acid derivative and peptide)

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7
Q

Bind to very specific receptors on the cell surface:

A

Protein hormones

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8
Q

Protein hormones are referred to as:

A

First messengers

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9
Q

Capable of crossing the membrane of the cell and binding to intracellular receptors and therefore do not require receptors on the cell surface:

A

Lipid derivatives

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10
Q

Provide the basis for the control of endocrine activity:

A
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11
Q

Provides long-term regulatory control that results in relatively stable internal conditions:

A

Negative feedback

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12
Q

When your body suffers a severe cu, damage to the vessel walls releases chemicals that being the process of blood clotting. Each step of clotting releases more chemicals that accelerate the process. The only way to stop the process is by an outside force that comes in the form of a blood clot:

A

Positive feedback

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13
Q

Releases antidiuretic hormone and oxtocin into the circulation via the posterior pituitary gland:

A

The hypothalamus

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14
Q

Two classes of regulatory hormones:

A

Releasing hormones (RH)

Inhibiting hormones (IH)

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15
Q

Causes the anterior pituitary to release hormones of its own into circulation:

A

Releasing hormones

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16
Q

Stop the anterior pituitary from releasing its hormones:

A

Inhibiting hormones

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17
Q

Special hormones that regulate the activities of the anterior pituitary gland, directly into the circulation:

A

Regulatory hormones

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18
Q

Known as the master gland, secretes nine different hormones:

A

Pituitary

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19
Q

Two distinct regions of the pituitary:

A

Anterior and posterior

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20
Q

Contains endocrine cells that secrete 7 of the 9 hormones directly into the blood stream via the hypophyseal portal system:

A

Anterior pituitary

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21
Q

Stimulates the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland:

A

Throid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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22
Q

Stimulates the release of steriod hormones at the adrenal glands:

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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23
Q

Promotes egg development in the ovearies and stimulates the secretion of estrogens:

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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24
Q

Promotes ovarian secretions of estrogens and progestins to prepare a woman for pregnancy:

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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25
Q

Stimulates the production of mammary glands and production of milk:

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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26
Q

Stimulates cell growth and replication by increasing rate of protein production:

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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27
Q

Stimulates melanocytes in the skin to produce melanin:

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

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28
Q

MSH is release:

A
  1. During fetal development
  2. In very young children
  3. In pregnant women
  4. In some disease states
29
Q

Secretes only 2 of the 9 hormones released from the pituitary:

30
Q

2 hormones produced in the hypothalamusand released at the posterior pituitray:

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin

31
Q

Released during a rise of electrolyte concentrations or a drop in blood pressure or volume:

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

32
Q

Causes the smooth muscle of the uterus to constrict during child birth:

33
Q

3 hormones released by the thyroid:

A
  1. Thyroxine (T4)
  2. Triiodothronine (T3)
  3. Calcitonin
34
Q

Released from C-cells “sandwiched” between the follicle cells and controls the concentration of calcium in the bloodstream:

A

Calcitonin

35
Q

Contains four iodine atoms:

A

Thyroxine (T4)

36
Q

Contains 3 iodine atoms:

A

Triiodothronine (T3)

37
Q

Two tiny pairs imbedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland:

A

Parathyroid glands

38
Q

Help control circulating calcium in the bloodstream:

A

Parathyroid

39
Q

From the chief-cells controls calcium concentrations in the bloodstream:

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

40
Q

Embedded in a mass of connective tissue just behind the sternum:

A

The thymus

41
Q

Play a key role in developing and maintaining the immune system:

42
Q

Cap the surperior border of each kidney:

A

Adrenal glands

43
Q

Each adrenal gland has two parts:

A

The cortex and the medulla

44
Q

Outer portion of the capsule and produces steroid hormones collectively called corticosteroids:

A

The adrenal cortex

45
Q

Affect glucose metabolism in most cells of the body and have an anti-inflammatory affect, suppressing the activities of the immune system, secreted under ACTH stimulation:

A

Glucocorticoids

46
Q

Affect the electrolyte composition of body fluids:

A

Mineralocorticoids

47
Q

Principal mineralcorticoid and targets cells in the kidneys which cause the retention of sodium ions:

A

Aldosterone

48
Q

Sex hormones that are produced by both sexes:

49
Q

Middles portion of the capsule and contains two types of cells that secrete hormones to accelerate energy utilization and mobilize energy reserves:

A

The adrenal medulla

50
Q

Hormones released by the adrenal medulla:

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

51
Q

Three hormones released by the kidneys:

A

Calcitriol

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Renin

52
Q

Steroid hormone released in the presence of PTH:

A

Calcitriol

53
Q

Stimulates absorption of calcium and phosphate along the digestive tract thereby assisting in raising the body’s calcium levels:

54
Q

Peptide hormone released in response to low oxygen levels in kidney tissues:

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

55
Q

Stimulates the production of RBC in the bone marrow which caarries oxygen molecules and therefore increases oxgen delivery to the tissues:

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

56
Q

Released by the kidney in resonse to a decrease in blood volume, blood pressure or both:

57
Q

Released when the cardiac muscle cells are excessively stretched:

A

Atrial natriuritic peptide (ANP)

58
Q

Both endocrine and exocrine:

59
Q

What part of the pancreas releases digestive juices through ducts in the digestive tract:

A

Exocrine part of the pancreas

60
Q

Located in patches of cells know as the Islets of Langerhans:

A

Endocrine pancreas

61
Q

Produce the hormone glucagon:

A

Alpha cells

62
Q

Produce the hormone insulin:

A

Beta cells

63
Q

Steriod sex hormones that are produced in the male testes the most important of which is testosterone:

64
Q

Peptide hormone released under FSH stimulation from the anterior pituitary to inhibit FSH:

65
Q

Produce estrogens which support the egg maturation and stimulate growth of the uterine lining and provide secondary female sexual characteristics:

A

Follicular cells

66
Q

Spees the fertilized egg along the uterine tubes and prepares the uterus for the arrival of a developing egg:

A

Progesterone

67
Q

Located on the roof of the thalamus:

A

Pineal gland

68
Q

Establishes our day/night cycle:

69
Q

Group of lipid hormones found in virtually all tissues of the body, known as local hormones they only affect adjacent cells:

A

Prostaglandins

A&P (11 decks)

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