Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels & Circulation

Question 1

Three types of blood vessels:

Answer 1

Arteries- carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Veins- carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Capillaries- connect the blood flow between arteries and veins

Question 2

Three layers of arteries and veins:

Answer 2

Tunica Interna- innermost layer of the blood vessels

Tunica Media- contains smooth muscle tissue to increase or decrease vessel diameter

Tunica Externa- sheath of collagen fibers around the vessel

Question 3

Elastic arteries (large arteries):

Answer 3

Large, extremely resilient vessels capable of withstanding the high pressures of cardiac contraction

Question 4

Muscular arteries (medium-sized arteries):

Answer 4

Distribute blood to peripheral organs

Question 5

Arterioles

Answer 5

Very small with a very thin tunica media

Question 6

The only vessels whose walls permit the exchange of material from blood to interstital fluid:

Answer 6

Capillaries

Question 7

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (capillary blood pressure):

Answer 7

Pushes water out of the capillary (filtration)

Question 8

Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure:

Answer 8

Pushes water into the capillary (filtration)

Question 9

Capillary Oncotic Pressure:

Answer 9

Pulls water into the capillary (osmosis)

Question 10

Interstitial Fluid Oncotic Pressure:

Answer 10

Pulls water out of the capillary (osmosis)

Question 11

Veins:

Answer 11

Returns all blood from tissues to the heart

Question 12

Force exerted against the vascular walls by the blood and usually refers to the pressure in the arteries:

Answer 12

Blood pressure

Question 13

Carries blood from one capillary bed to another and prevents its contents from mixing with the entire bloodstream:

Answer 13

Portal system

Question 14

1. External Jugular
2. Subclavian
3. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
4. Cephalic
5. Median Cubital
6. Median Cubital
7. Hepatic Portal
8. Median Antebrachial
9. Common Iliac
10. External Iliac
11. Femoral
12. GreatSaphenous
13. Popliteal

Answer 14

Major Systemic Veins

Question 15

1. Middle Meningeal
2. Common Carotids
3. Subclavians
4. Ascending Aorta
5. Descending Aorta
6. Axillary
7. Brachial
8. Radial
9. Common Iliac
10. External Iliac
11. Femoral
12. Popliteal
13. Dorsalis Pedis

Answer 15

Major Systemic Arteries

Question 16

The amount of blood ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat:

Answer 16

Stroke Volume

Question 17

Peripheral Resistance comes from:

Answer 17

1. Vascular resistance
2. Viscosity of blood
3. Turbulence

Question 18

What changes the pattern of blood at the capillary by use of the precapillary sphincters and it’s the first action in returning homeostasis:

Answer 18

Autoregulation

Question 19

Detect abnormally low or high pressures and send a signal to the vardiovascular centers in the brain:

Answer 19

Barorceptors

Question 20

Respond to a rise in carbon dioxide or a drop in oxygen or pH levels in the blood or CSF:

Answer 20

Chemoreceptors

Question 21

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine:

Answer 21

Stimulates cardiac output and Vasoconstriction

Question 22

Water conservation at the kidneys, rapid vasoconstriction and vasopressin:

Answer 22

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 23

Produced from angiotensinogen in a chain reaction started by renin

Powerful, rapid vasoconstriction

Stimulates the release of ADH and aldosterone:

Answer 23

Angiotensin II

Question 24

Released during an increase in blood pressure

Promote loss of sodium ions at the kidneys

Blocks the release of ADH and aldosterone

Blocks the release of E and NE

Stimulates vasodilatation:

Answer 24

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)