Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels & Circulation Flashcards
Three types of blood vessels:
Arteries- carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Veins- carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Capillaries- connect the blood flow between arteries and veins
Three layers of arteries and veins:
Tunica Interna- innermost layer of the blood vessels
Tunica Media- contains smooth muscle tissue to increase or decrease vessel diameter
Tunica Externa- sheath of collagen fibers around the vessel
Elastic arteries (large arteries):
Large, extremely resilient vessels capable of withstanding the high pressures of cardiac contraction
Muscular arteries (medium-sized arteries):
Distribute blood to peripheral organs
Arterioles
Very small with a very thin tunica media
The only vessels whose walls permit the exchange of material from blood to interstital fluid:
Capillaries
Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (capillary blood pressure):
Pushes water out of the capillary (filtration)
Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure:
Pushes water into the capillary (filtration)
Capillary Oncotic Pressure:
Pulls water into the capillary (osmosis)
Interstitial Fluid Oncotic Pressure:
Pulls water out of the capillary (osmosis)
Veins:
Returns all blood from tissues to the heart
Force exerted against the vascular walls by the blood and usually refers to the pressure in the arteries:
Blood pressure
Carries blood from one capillary bed to another and prevents its contents from mixing with the entire bloodstream:
Portal system
- External Jugular
- Subclavian
- Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
- Cephalic
- Median Cubital
- Median Cubital
- Hepatic Portal
- Median Antebrachial
- Common Iliac
- External Iliac
- Femoral
- GreatSaphenous
- Popliteal
Major Systemic Veins
- Middle Meningeal
- Common Carotids
- Subclavians
- Ascending Aorta
- Descending Aorta
- Axillary
- Brachial
- Radial
- Common Iliac
- External Iliac
- Femoral
- Popliteal
- Dorsalis Pedis
Major Systemic Arteries
The amount of blood ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat:
Stroke Volume
Peripheral Resistance comes from:
- Vascular resistance
- Viscosity of blood
- Turbulence
What changes the pattern of blood at the capillary by use of the precapillary sphincters and it’s the first action in returning homeostasis:
Autoregulation
Detect abnormally low or high pressures and send a signal to the vardiovascular centers in the brain:
Barorceptors
Respond to a rise in carbon dioxide or a drop in oxygen or pH levels in the blood or CSF:
Chemoreceptors
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine:
Stimulates cardiac output and Vasoconstriction
Water conservation at the kidneys, rapid vasoconstriction and vasopressin:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Produced from angiotensinogen in a chain reaction started by renin
Powerful, rapid vasoconstriction
Stimulates the release of ADH and aldosterone:
Angiotensin II
Released during an increase in blood pressure
Promote loss of sodium ions at the kidneys
Blocks the release of ADH and aldosterone
Blocks the release of E and NE
Stimulates vasodilatation:
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
