Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards
- Production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes
- Return of fluid and solutes from peripheral tissue to the blood
- The distribution of hormones, nutrients and waste products from their tissue of origin to the general circulation
Primary functions of the lymphatic system
Components of the lymphatic system:
- Lymphatic vessels
- Fluid
- Lymphoid organs
Transparent liquid found within the lymphatic vessels and collected from all parts of the body (except CNS):
Lymph
How is lymph returned to the blood:
Lymphatic vessels
What is the primary cell of the lymphatic system:
Lymphocytes
Three types of cells in the lymphactic system:
- T cells
- B cells
- NK cells
Respond to the presence of invading pathogens (bacteria and viruses), abnormal body cells (viruses infrected cells or cancer cells) and foreign proteins (toxins):
Lymphocytes
Four types of T cells:
- Cytotoxic T cells
- Memory T cells
- Suppressor T cells
- Helper T cells
Attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses and cancer cells:
NK cells
Called killer T cells, track down and attack antigens:
Cytotoxic T cells
Remain in resrve and, if an antigen reappears, will immediately differentiate into cytotoxic T cells:
Memory T cells
Depress the responses of other T cells and B cells:
Suppressor T cells
Coordinate specific and non-specific defenses and stimulates cell-mediated immunity and antibody mediated immunity:
Helper T cells
Cells activate and accelerates plasma cell production and enhances antibody production:
B cells
Allow one direction of lymph flow because of valves located within the vessels:
Lymphatic vessels
Masses of lymphoid tissue that are not surrounded by a fibrous capsule:
Lymph nodules
Lymph nodules do what:
Attempt to destroy bacterial and viral invaders
Found beneath the epithelia lining various organs of the respiratory, digestive and urinary systems (open to the outside environment):
Lymphoid nodules
Small oval fibrous casules:
Lymph nodes
Function of lymph nodes:
Filters and purifies lymph before it returns to the venous system (99% antignes are removed by T cells and B cells)
What are located in regions where they can detect and eliminate antigens before they enter a vital organ:
Lymph nodes
Site of T cell production and maturation:
Thymus
Largest collection of lymphatic tissue:
The spleen
Where is the spleen located:
Wedged between the stomach, left kidney and diaphragm
Function of the spleen:
Filter the blood as it travels through the spleen
Removes abnormal blood cells and components, initiates an immune response and stores iron from recycled blood cells:
The spleen
Security against a particular disease; non-susceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effects of an antigenic substance:
The condition of being immune
The thymus lies where:
Behind the sternum
Location of T cells maturation. After maturation, these cells enter the blood vessels:
The thymus
Can differentiate into plasma cells that are responsible for the production and secretion of antibodies:
Antibody-mediated immunity/humoral immunity
What is the primary distribution route for antibodies:
Blood
Cytotoxic T cells directly attack foreign cells or body cells infected with viruses:
Cell-mediated immunity/cellular immunity
Helper T cells:
Simulate the activities of the T and B cells
Inhibit the activities of T and B cells:
Suppressor T cells
Thymus dependent, 80% of circulating lymphocytes, directly attacks foreign cells/cells infected by viruses, cell-mediated immunity and direct attack:
T cells
Bone marrow derived/ plasma cells, 10-15% of circulating lymphocytes, responsible for the production and secretion of anti-bodies(immunoglobulins), antibody-mediated immunity and chemical attack:
B cells
Function is to destroy antigens:
Antibodies
Antibodies bind with toxins or viruses making them incapable of binding to a cell:
Neutralization
When a large number of antibodies bind to antigens they can form large complexes:
Agglutination
Smaller antignes form insoluble masses that settle out of body fluids:
Precipitation
Portions of antibody molecule change shape exposing areat that allow for the binding complement proteins:
Activation of complement
Antigens covered with antibodies attract eosinphils, neutrophils and macrophages:
Attraction of phagocytes
A coating of antibodies and complement proteins increases the effectiveness of phagocytosis:
Enhancement of phagocytosis
Genetically determined, there has been no prior exposure or antibody production invloved, it is presnet at birth:
Innate immunity
Produced becasuse of a prior exposure or antibody production:
Acquired immunity
Appears after an exposure to an antigen (a consequence to an immune response):
Active immunity
Results from the transfer of antibodies from another individual:
Passive immunity
Infestation of the body with biological organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa or helminthes:
Infectious diseases
A single celled microorganism that cause an infection characteristic of that species:
Bacteria
A minute, parasitic microorganism without independent metabolic activity that can replicate only within a cell of living plant or animal host:
Viruses
A spongy, abnormal growth, as proud flesh formed in a wound:
Fungi
Comprising animals consisting of one cell or of a colony of like or similar cells:
Protozoa
A protein based particle found to be the causative agent behind spongiform encephalopathies:
Prion
Physical contact between the source and the victim:
Direct transmission
The organism survives on animate or inanimate object for a period without a human host:
Indirect transmission
Hiv, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Heptitis C, Meningitis and Measles:
Viral diseases
Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Cholera, Plague, Anthrax and Epiglottitis:
Bacterial diseases
