The Digestive System Flashcards
The function of the digestive system:
Change complex molecules into simple molecules
Extends from the mouth to the anus, consists of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine?
Alimentary Tube
Function of teeth:
Is chewing (mastication)
Function of tongue:
Is to mix food while chewing, form food into bolus and initiate swallowing
Contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of starchy food?
Salivary glands
Extracts absorbed nutrients or toxins from the blood before it reaches the rest of the body?
Liver
Many wast products are eliminated from the body by secretion into what?
Bile
Gall Bladder
Stores and concentrates bile
Necessary for maintaining normal blood concentrations of glucose:
Pancreas
Mechanical digestion
Physical breaking up of food into smaller pieces
Complex chemical molecules are changed into much simpler chemicals that the body can utilize:
Chemical digestion
Begin to erupt through the gums at about 6 months and is the set of 20 teeth:
Deciduous
Permanent teeth:
consists of 32 teeth, types of teeth (incisor, canines, molars and premolars)
The gum line is called:
Gingiva
The visible part of a tooth about the gingiva is called:
Crown
What is enclosed in a socket in the mandible and maxillae:
Root
Layers of the tooth:
Enamel- outermost layer of the enamel
Dentin
Pulp Cavity- contains blood vessels and nerve endings, innermost portion
Contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of starchy foods:
Saliva
Dissolves food chemicals so that they can be tasted:
Saliva
Moistens food and aids in its compaction into a bolus:
Saliva
Cleanses the teeth:
Saliva
Three pairs of salivary glands:
Parotid Glands- just below and in front of the ears
Submandibular Glands- at the posterior corners of the mandible (also called submaxillary glands)
Sublingual Glands- below the floor of the mouth
Its only function is swallowing, the mechanical movement of food:
Pharynx
Muscular tube that takes food from the pharynx to the stomcah; no digestion takes place here:
Esophagus
Four layers of the alimentary canal:
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- External Muscular Layer
- Serosa
Its major functions are secretion, absorption of end products of digestion and protection against disease:
Mucosa
Submucosa
Supply the surrounding tissue with many blood and lymphatic vessels
Function is to propel and mix foodstuffs along the digestive tract:
External Muscle Layer
Serosa
Protective outermost layer of most of the alimentary canal wall, is also called the visceral peritoneum
Lining the abdominal cavity:
Parietal Peritoneum
Large pouch that protects the abdomincal viscera is:
Greater Omentum
Connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver:
Lesser Omentum
Located in the ULQ, to the left of the liver and in front of the spleen:
The stomach
The opening of the esophagus is:
The cardiac orifice
The portion above the level of the cardiac orifice is:
Fundus
Large cnetral portion, bounded laterally by the greater curvature and medially by the lesser curvature:
The body of the stomach
Adjacent to the duodenum of the small intestine:
The pylorus
When the stomach is empty, the mucosa appers wrinkled or folded, the folds are called:
Rugae
Creamy, semifluid mass that leaves the stomach is:
Chyme
Lines the socket and produces a bone-like cement that anchors the tooth:
Periodontal membrane
