Cardiovascular System: The Heart Flashcards
Pericardial Fluid
Allows the two layers of the pericardium to slide easily against each other without causing friction.
Location of Heart
Located in the anterior chest just behind the sternum
Sits in a space between the lungs called the mediastinum
A thick fibrous portin
A thin moist serous portion:
Pericardium (sac that surrounds the heart)
Slick serous membrane lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium and is called the:
Parietal Pericardium
Between the visceral and parietal pericardium is a space called:
Pericardial space or cavity
The pericardium which attaches to the heart is the:
Visceral Pericardium
Blood returning from the body enters the heart from the:
Superior and Inferior vena cava and enters into the right atrium
What valve does the blood pass through from the right atrium into the right ventricle:
Tricuspid valve
When the ventricles contract blood moves through what valve into the pulmonary artery:
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Once oxygenated from the lungs the blood returns to the heart through what vein:
Pulmonary vein
Blood enters what through the pulmonary vein:
Left atrium
The blood goes through what valve to get from the left atrium into the left ventricle:
Bicuspid Valve (Mitrial Valve)
The blood passes what valve to go from the left ventricle into the aorta:
Arotic Semilunar Valve
The right coronary artery supplies blood to what:
Right atrium and portions of both ventricles
The left coronary artery (LCA) supplies blood to what:
Left atrium, left ventricle and interventricular septum
The right coronary artery divides into what two branches:
Marginal branch and posterior descending branch
The left coronary artery divides into what two branches:
Anterior descending branch and circumflex branch
What is the first sound heard in the cardiac cycle:
Lubb- created by the AV valves closing
What is the second sound heard in the cardiac cycle:
Dubb- is the opening of the AV valves
Amount of blood pumped by a ventricle during each contraction or “stroke”:
Stroke Volume
Amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute:
Cardiac Output
Equation for cardiac output is:
CO (cardiac output)= SV (stroke volume) X HR (heart rate)
What is Starling’s Law:
States that the greater the volume of blood that enters the ventricle, the more powerful the contraction.
Simply put, “More in= More out”
Automaticity:
Hearts ability to contract cardiac muscle tissue without neural or hormonal stimulation
What establish the rate of cardiac contraction;
Nodal cells
What distributes the stimulus to the general (contractible) myocardium:
Conducting Cells
Primary pacemaker of the heart located in the posterior wall of the right atrium:
Sinoatrial (SA) node
What node is located in the floor of the right atrium:
Atrioventricular (AV) node
The normal cardiac cycle starts in the:
SA node
Once the impulse leaves the SA node it rapidly travels to the left atrium via:
Interatrial pathway (Bachmann’s Bundle)
What extends along the interventricular septum befre dividing into the left and right bundle branches:
The bundle of His
What is the final part of the conduction system:
Purkinje Fibers
This diagnostic machine is capable of sensing the elctrical impulse and amplifying it:
Electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG)
When the SA node fires it is represented on the tracing as the first positive deflection called:
P-wave
What represents the AV node holding the impulse as the ventricles are filling:
The short flat section immediately after the P-wave
The QRS complex represents the release of what:
The impulse from the AV node and the depolarization of the ventricles as the impulse moves down the bundle branches into the purkinje fibers
The final wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles and is called:
T-wave
