Cardiovascular System: The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardial Fluid

A

Allows the two layers of the pericardium to slide easily against each other without causing friction.

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2
Q

Location of Heart

A

Located in the anterior chest just behind the sternum

Sits in a space between the lungs called the mediastinum

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3
Q

A thick fibrous portin

A thin moist serous portion:

A

Pericardium (sac that surrounds the heart)

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4
Q

Slick serous membrane lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium and is called the:

A

Parietal Pericardium

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5
Q

Between the visceral and parietal pericardium is a space called:

A

Pericardial space or cavity

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6
Q

The pericardium which attaches to the heart is the:

A

Visceral Pericardium

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7
Q

Blood returning from the body enters the heart from the:

A

Superior and Inferior vena cava and enters into the right atrium

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8
Q

What valve does the blood pass through from the right atrium into the right ventricle:

A

Tricuspid valve

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9
Q

When the ventricles contract blood moves through what valve into the pulmonary artery:

A

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

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10
Q

Once oxygenated from the lungs the blood returns to the heart through what vein:

A

Pulmonary vein

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11
Q

Blood enters what through the pulmonary vein:

A

Left atrium

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12
Q

The blood goes through what valve to get from the left atrium into the left ventricle:

A

Bicuspid Valve (Mitrial Valve)

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13
Q

The blood passes what valve to go from the left ventricle into the aorta:

A

Arotic Semilunar Valve

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14
Q

The right coronary artery supplies blood to what:

A

Right atrium and portions of both ventricles

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15
Q

The left coronary artery (LCA) supplies blood to what:

A

Left atrium, left ventricle and interventricular septum

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16
Q

The right coronary artery divides into what two branches:

A

Marginal branch and posterior descending branch

17
Q

The left coronary artery divides into what two branches:

A

Anterior descending branch and circumflex branch

18
Q

What is the first sound heard in the cardiac cycle:

A

Lubb- created by the AV valves closing

19
Q

What is the second sound heard in the cardiac cycle:

A

Dubb- is the opening of the AV valves

20
Q

Amount of blood pumped by a ventricle during each contraction or “stroke”:

A

Stroke Volume

21
Q

Amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute:

A

Cardiac Output

22
Q

Equation for cardiac output is:

A

CO (cardiac output)= SV (stroke volume) X HR (heart rate)

23
Q

What is Starling’s Law:

A

States that the greater the volume of blood that enters the ventricle, the more powerful the contraction.

Simply put, “More in= More out”

24
Q

Automaticity:

A

Hearts ability to contract cardiac muscle tissue without neural or hormonal stimulation

25
Q

What establish the rate of cardiac contraction;

A

Nodal cells

26
Q

What distributes the stimulus to the general (contractible) myocardium:

A

Conducting Cells

27
Q

Primary pacemaker of the heart located in the posterior wall of the right atrium:

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

28
Q

What node is located in the floor of the right atrium:

A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

29
Q

The normal cardiac cycle starts in the:

A

SA node

30
Q

Once the impulse leaves the SA node it rapidly travels to the left atrium via:

A

Interatrial pathway (Bachmann’s Bundle)

31
Q

What extends along the interventricular septum befre dividing into the left and right bundle branches:

A

The bundle of His

32
Q

What is the final part of the conduction system:

A

Purkinje Fibers

33
Q

This diagnostic machine is capable of sensing the elctrical impulse and amplifying it:

A

Electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG)

34
Q

When the SA node fires it is represented on the tracing as the first positive deflection called:

A

P-wave

35
Q

What represents the AV node holding the impulse as the ventricles are filling:

A

The short flat section immediately after the P-wave

36
Q

The QRS complex represents the release of what:

A

The impulse from the AV node and the depolarization of the ventricles as the impulse moves down the bundle branches into the purkinje fibers

37
Q

The final wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles and is called:

A

T-wave