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Medical-MITS > The Urinary System > Flashcards

The Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anuria / Anuria

A

The inability of the kidneys to make and excrete urine.

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2
Q

Bladder / Vejiga

A

A sac in the pelvic area, which collects and then excretes urine.

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3
Q

Calculi Cálculos

A

Solid stones made of mineral salts that form in the body, especially in kidneys, gallbladder, and bladder.

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4
Q

Creatinine / Creatinina

A

This is a chemical waste produced from creatine, used for energy production in the muscles. Creatinine travels to the kidneys to be filtered out, so high levels indicate kidney damage.

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5
Q

Cryptorchidism / Criptorquidia

A

One or both of the testes do not descend into the scrotum from the abdomen.

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6
Q

Culture / Cultivo

A

A laboratory test that promotes the growth and propagation of germs in a sample of tissue or fluid to identify the cause of an infection.

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7
Q

Cystocele / Cistocele

A

This condition primarily happens in women after childbirth, in which the urinary bladder herniates into the vagina. *Commonly referred as: desprendimiento o caída de vejiga.

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8
Q

Cystolithotomy / Cistolitotomía

A

Surgical removal of calculi from the urinary bladder.

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9
Q

Cystorrhaphy / Cistorrafia

A

Suture of an injury, wound, or tear in the urinary bladder.

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10
Q

Cystoscopy / Cistoscopía

A

A procedure using a cystoscope to evaluate the bladder wall lining and the urethra.

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11
Q

Distended bladder / Vejiga Dilatada

A

Swelling of the urinary bladder, which creates a sensation that one has to urinate, but without any production or release of urine. *Vejiga hinchada, inflada, inflamada o distendida are also correct.

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12
Q

Diuretics / Diuréticos

A

Usually called water pills, these are medications used to help remove excess fluid from the body by increasing the production of urine.

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13
Q

DRE / Examen tacto rectal

A

Digital Rectal Exam is a basic procedure where the practitioner inserts a finger, or digit, into the anus to examine the lower rectum and structures. *Examen rectal digital o examen digital del recto are also posible.

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14
Q

Dysuria / Disuria

A

Pain with urination; difficulty urinating.

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15
Q

Fulguration / Fulguración

A

A procedure to destroy small growths of tissue using high-frequency electrical currents, which relieves pain, stimulates circulation, and cauterizes growths.

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16
Q

Glycosuria / Glucosuria

A

Excess sugar in the urine, generally found in those with diabetes and/or kidney disease.

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17
Q

Hematuria / Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine, usually caused by kidney or bladder infections.

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18
Q

Hemodialysis / Hemodiálisis

A

A procedure that filters blood a little at a time to remove excess fluid and waste from the blood; it corrects electrolyte imbalances.

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19
Q

HUS / Síndrome Hemolítico-urémico

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a disease marked by red blood cell destruction, which can cause blockage of the urinary and kidney filtering system.

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20
Q

Hydrocele / Hidrocele

A

Scrotal swelling caused by fluid buildup in the sacs surrounding the testicles. Common in newborns and infants.

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21
Q

Hydronephrosis / Hidronefrosis

A

Swelling of the kidney due to accumulation of fluid inside the organ; generally occurs as a result of an underlying condition.

22
Q

Hyperuricemia / Hiperuricemia

A

Exceptionally high uric acid levels in the blood, which is a breakdown product found in the foods we eat.

23
Q

Incontinence / Incontinencia

A

The inability to hold urine; loss of bladder control.

24
Q

Inguinal hernia / Hernia inguinal

A

A hernia in the groin area, which occurs when lower intestinal tissue pushes through the abdominal wall and inguinal canal.

25
Q

Interstitial cystitis / Cistitis intersticial

A

Recurrent discomfort or pain in the bladder and pelvis. Also known as painful bladder syndrome.

26
Q

Intravenous pyelogram / Pielograma intravenoso

A

IVP is an x-ray diagnostic study that looks at the bladder, ureters, and kidneys to determine the shape, size, and position of everything in the urinary tract.

27
Q

Kidney dysplasia / Displasia renal

A

A condition of fetuses in utero, it is characterized by underdevelopment of the internal structures of the kidneys.

28
Q

KUB / Radiografía abdominal

A

A plain diagnostic x-ray film of the abdomen to look at the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. *Also correct: Radiografía de abdomen o radiografia simple de abdomen [plain KUB].

29
Q

Lithotripsy / Litotripcia

A

A non-invasive procedure using ultrasound shock waves to break up stones in the kidney, liver, or gallbladder so that it is easier for them to pass through the filtering system.

30
Q

Micturition / Micción

A

The process of urinating; urination. *La acción de orinar could also be acceptable.

31
Q

Nephrohypertrophy / Nefrohipertrofia

A

Excessive enlargement of one or both of the kidneys.

32
Q

Nephrolithiasis / Nefrolitiasis

A

The formation of kidney stones, which is a common cause of blood in the urine.

33
Q

Nephrolysis / Nefrólisis

A

A surgical procedure to get rid of inflammatory adhesions in the kidney by destroying renal cells, while keeping the kidney structure intact.

34
Q

Nephron / Nefrón

A

The functional and structural part of the kidney made up of a complex network of vessels.

35
Q

Neurogenic bladder / Vejiga neurógena

A

Spastic or flaccid bladder caused by a neurological disease or nerve damage. Marked by symptoms of incontinence, urgency, frequency, and retention.

36
Q

Nocturia / Nocturia

A

Nighttime awakenings to go to the bathroom to urinate.

37
Q

Pelvic relaxation / Relajación pélvica

A

A condition that is more common in women, it is marked by weakened pelvic floor muscles and ligaments leading to the pelvic floor sagging into the wall of the vagina.

38
Q

Peritoneal dialysis / Diálisis peritoneal

A

A catheter is inserted into the abdomen to filter out waste from the blood when kidneys are no longer able to filter.

39
Q

Polycystic kidney disease / Enfermedad renal poliquística

A

PKD is a hereditary condition marked by the development of abnormal growths or cysts on one or both of the kidneys. *Enfermedad poliquística de los riñones/del riñón is also correct.

40
Q

Proteinuria / Proteinuria

A

An abnormal amount of protein found in the urine; this condition indicates kidney damage. Also called Albuminuria.

41
Q

Sepsis / Sepsis

A

Harmful toxins or bacteria in the urinary or blood system, which can affect organ function. *Also known as septicemia.

42
Q

Specimen / Muestra para análisis

A

Used to refer to a small sample of tissue or fluid, but often refers to the examination of a small sample of urine to look at the nature of the urinary system.

43
Q

Uremia / Uremia

A

High levels of urea in the blood, which is a component generally excreted through the urinary system

44
Q

Ureters / Uréteres

A

The tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. *Ojo: la forma singular es: uréter, no urétere

45
Q

Urethra / Uretra

A

The tube that transports urine out of the body from the bladder.

46
Q

Uric acid / Ácido úrico

A

A chemical that the body produces when it breaks down purines, which are substances found in some foods. High concentration of uric acid in the blood can lead to gout.

47
Q

UTI / Infección del tracto urinario

A

A urinary tract infection is an infection in any part of the urinary tract including the bladder, urethra, ureters, or kidneys.

48
Q

Varicocele / Varicocele

A

Scrotal vein enlargement.

49
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux / Reflujo vesicoureteral

A

VUR is a condition marked by backward flow of urine into the ureters or kidneys from the bladder.

50
Q

Void / Orinar

A

The act of urinating and completely emptying the bladder.

51
Q

Key Word Parts:
nephr/o
ur/o
cyst/o
poly-

A

Key Word Parts:
kidney
urine
bladder
many

Medical-MITS (12 decks)

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