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Medical-MITS > The Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Skeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

AC joint / Articulación acromioclavicular

A

The Acromioclavicular joint is located at the top of the shoulder; it is the junction between the acromion and the clavicle and allows the arm to be raised above the head.

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2
Q

Acetabulum / Acetábulo

A

The hip bone socket, which holds the top or head of the femur bone

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3
Q

Acromion / Acromion

A

The highest part of the shoulder blade; a bony process.
Acromion

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4
Q

Ankylosis / Anquilosis

A

Joint immobility and stiffening caused by bony fusion.

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5
Q

Arthrocentesis / Artrocentesis

A

Also referred to as joint aspiration, this diagnostic test uses a needle to aspirate fluid from a joint to look for the cause of arthritis or swelling.

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6
Q

Arthropathy / Artropatía

A

Any disease of the joints, which may or may not include inflammation.

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7
Q

Bunion / Juanete

A

Painful swelling of the first joint in the big toe of either foot.

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8
Q

Bursa / Bursa

A

Fluid-filled sacs or cavities within joints to counter friction during movement. *Bursa can also be translated as bolsa.

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9
Q

Calcaneus / Calcáneo

A

The heel bone.

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10
Q

Cauda equina / Cauda equina

A

Starting at the top of the lumbar spine and extending down the length of the spine, this is the bundle of spinal nerves and roots that provide sensory and motor function to the bladder and legs. *This part of the spinal cord looks like a horse’s tail; therefore, the Latin term Cauda Equina is
used. Cola de Caballo is also used in Spanish.

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11
Q

Clavicle / Clavícula

A

Also called the collarbone, it is either of two small bones connected to the scapula and sternum to form the front part of the shoulder.

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12
Q

Comminuted fracture / Fractura conminuta

A

A splinter or break of a bone into more than two separate pieces.

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13
Q

Cervical / Cervical

A

Pertaining to the neck. The neck is formed by seven vertebrae; together called the cervical spine.

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14
Q

Cruciate ligament / Ligamento Cruzado

A

Two are located in each knee and attach to the front of the tibia and back of the femur; their primary function is to prevent hyperextension. *The cruciate ligaments of the knee are divided in two: the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

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15
Q

CTS / Síndrome del túnel carpian

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a severely painful condition in the fingers, hands, and wrists caused by median nerve compression, which passes through a hole in the wrist and over the hand bones.

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16
Q

Facet joint / Articulación facetaria

A

Joints located between two vertebrae in the spine, with synovial fluid to cushion movement.

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17
Q

Femur / Fémur

A

The thigh bone; the long and strong bone that connects the hip to the knee. *Pronunciation of the bone is femur (FEE-mur). Pronunciation of the adjective femoral is
(FEH-moral).

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18
Q

Fibula and Tibia / Fibula y Tibia

A

The bottom leg bones; the fibula is the calf bone, and the tibia is the shinbone.

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19
Q

Fluoroscopy / Fluoroscopia

A

A continuous live x-ray image shown on a monitor like a movie to evaluate internal structures.

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20
Q

Gout / Gota

A

A condition that causes arthritis in the small bones of the feet and acute pain due to increased uric acid levels.

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21
Q

Hemarthrosis / Hermartrosis

A

A condition in which blood enters the joint spaces; a common problem found in hemophilic patients.

22
Q

Herniated disk / Disco herniado

A

A condition in which the outer part of the vertebral disk in the spine is torn, causing the nucleus to extrude through the fibers.

23
Q

Jawbone / Mandíbula

A

Generally referring to the lower jawbone, or mandible, it is connected to the lower part of the skull and shapes the lower face, forming the structure of the mouth.

24
Q

Joint / Articulación

A

The fixed or movable part where two structures, especially bones, meet. *Also correct: coyuntura

25
Q

Kyphosis / Cifosis

A

Outward spinal curvature causing a hunchback, usually in the top part of the back.

26
Q

Laminectomy / Laminectomía

A

Surgical removal of the back of a vertebra to provide access to the spinal cord and relieve pressure on the nerves.

27
Q

Ligament / Ligamento

A

Tough, fibrous, flexible connective tissue that holds together a joint by connecting bones or cartilages.

28
Q

Lordosis / Lordosis

A

Inward spinal curvature

29
Q

Lumbar spine / Espina lumbar

A

Located in the mid to lower back, it is made up of 5 vertebral bodies stacked one on top of the other, separated by vertebral disks.

30
Q

Metacarpals and Metatarsals / Metacarpianos y Metatarsianos

A

Metacarpals are the five hand bones, and metatarsals are the five toe bones.

31
Q

MRI / Resonancia magnética

A

Magnetic resonance imaging is a diagnostic study using a large tube-shaped machine to capture images of internal structures with magnetic fields and radio waves. *In Spanish is not necessary to add the word imagen on MRI.

32
Q

Myeloma / Mieloma

A

Bone marrow tumor, malignant in nature

33
Q

Orthopedics / Ortopedia

A

The branch of medicine focused on identification, diagnosis, and treatment of bone and muscle diseases and deformities.

34
Q

Osteoarthritis / Osteoartritis

A

A common disorder found in the elderly and marked by degeneration of joint cartilage and bone.

35
Q

Osteomalacia / Osteomalacia

A

Bone softening, generally caused by vitamin D and/or calcium deficiency.

36
Q

Osteomyelitis / osteomielitis

A

Bone or bone marrow inflammation, generally caused by an infection.

37
Q

Osteoporosis / Osteoporosis

A

Common condition found in older women, marked by brittle bones made fragile and susceptible to fracture by loss of tissue.

38
Q

Osteosarcoma / Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor on the bone, marked by Osteosarcoma increased number of osteoblasts.

39
Q

Patella / Rótula

A

Kneecap.

40
Q

Phalanges / Falanges

A

Plural form of phalanx, and refers to the toe and finger bones.

41
Q

Radius & Ulna / Radio y Cúbito

A

These bones are located in the forearm, running parallel to each other. They connect the upper arm bone, the humerus, to the hand.

42
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis / Artritis reumatoide

A

An autoimmune disease that is progressive and chronic in nature, marked by joint inflammation, painful deformity, and immobility.

43
Q

Scapula / Omóplato

A

Shoulder blade. *More precise but less common: escápula

44
Q

Scoliosis / Escoliosis

A

Lateral spinal curvature.

45
Q

Skull / Craneo

A

The bone and cartilage that surrounds the brain in the head and supports the facial structures.

46
Q

Spine / Espina dorsal

A

This is the backbone, also called the spinal or vertebral column; it is vital to all motor and sensory function. *Spine is translated as espina dorsal not just the word espina. Also correct: columna vertebral o espinazo (colloq).

47
Q

Sternum / Esternón

A

Commonly known as the breastbone. It consists of three bones that form the front part of the chest wall.

48
Q

Synovial membrane / Membrana sinovial

A

Loose connective tissue forming the inner part of the articular capsule in a synovial joint, which is a joint that permits more movement due to the cushioning with synovial fluid.

49
Q

Vertebrae / Vértebras

A

Plural form of vertebra, these are the 33 bony segments in the spinal column.

50
Q

Weight-bearing joint / Articulaciones de soporte de peso

A

Large joints that are able to support pressure of the body’s weight, especially the hips, knees, spine, and feet.

51
Q

Key Word Parts:
arthr/o
cervic/o
oste/o
carp/o

A

Key Word Parts:
joint
collar; neck
bone
wrist

Medical-MITS (12 decks)

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