Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical-MITS > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Achilles tendon / Tendón de Aquiles

A

A band of fibrous tissue connecting the heel bone to the calf muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Akinesia / Acinesia

A

Complete loss of voluntary movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Amyloidosis / Amiloidosis

A

Abnormal protein deposits in the bones, muscles, or other organs; this is a progressive and incurable disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atrophy / Atrofia

A

Wasting away of muscle or bone, typically due to lack of use or cell degeneration. *Atrophy is caused by nonuse, whereas
dystrophy is caused by a genetic disease or
malnutrition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biceps / Bíceps

A

Muscles with two points of attachment at one end. It usually refers to the muscles on the front part of the upper arm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BMI / Índice de masa corporal

A

Body Mass Index is a measurement of a person’s
body fat based on height and weight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Buttocks / Glúteos

A

The two rounded portions of gluteal muscle on
which a person sits. *Although correct, nalgas, posaderas,
trasero o sentaderas may be considered
rude or inappropriate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Calf / Pantorrilla

A

Plural form calves, these muscles are located in
the back part of the lower leg below the knee. Pantorrilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cartilage / Cartílago

A

A flexible, firm, translucent white connective
tissue found in various forms throughout the
body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cerebral Palsy/ Parálisis cerebral

A

A neurological condition marked by complete or
partial loss of motor function and caused by some
form of brain damage or abnormal development
in utero.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chiropractor / Quiropráctico

A

A medical practitioner focused on the
identification, diagnosis, and treatment of
neuromuscular conditions, with their primary
focus on spinal adjustments and manipulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chondrocostal / Condrocostal

A

Relating to the rib and costal cartilages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chondroma / Condroma

A

A cartilaginous tumor or growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chondromalacia / Condromalacia

A

Softening and deterioration of the cartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contracture / Contractura

A

Hardening and shortening of tendons, muscles,
or other tissues, leading to joint rigidity and
deformity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contusion / Contusión

A

A bruise; an area of the skin marked by purple,
blue, or black discoloration as a result of ruptured
capillaries. *Also correct: moretón, magulladura,
cardenal o golpe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cramp / Calambre

A

Also known as spasm, this is an involuntary and
painful contraction of a muscle, which happens
most often because of strain or fatigue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Deltoid / Deltoides

A

A large muscle that covers the shoulder and forms
its round contour. *Deltoides is singular and plural. Así que se
dice: El deltoides o Los deltoides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diaphragm / Diafragma

A

A thin, dome-shaped sheet of muscle that plays a
vital role in the breathing process. It also
separates the abdomen and thorax cavities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dyskinesia / Disquinesia

A

Decreased power or abnormality of voluntary
movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

EMG / Electromiografía

A

Electromyography is a diagnostic test using tiny
electrodes placed over the body to examine the
electrical activity and health of the nerve cells
that control the muscles.

21
Q

Exostosis / Exostosis

A

Growth of cartilage on the surface of a bone.

22
Q

Fascia / Fascia

A

Thin sheath of tissue that encloses and protects
organs and muscles.

23
Q

Fibromyalgia / Fibromialgia

A

A chronic disease marked by musculoskeletal
pain, localized joint tenderness, and fatigue.

24
Q

Gastrocnemius / Gastrocnemio

A

The primary calf muscle, which allows the foot
and knee to flex.

25
Q

Glycogen / Glucógeno

A

A substance similar to glucose stored in the liver
and muscles. It provides the body an additional
source of energy when blood glucose levels drop.

26
Q

Hamstrings / Isquios

A

Three muscles in the back of the thigh that flex
and rotate the leg. *Also called músculos isquiotibiales.

27
Q

Hypertrophy / Hipertrofia

A

Organ or body part enlargement due to increased
cell size.

28
Q

Meniscus / Menisco

A

A fibrous and thin piece of cartilage located
between joint surfaces, most commonly referred
to in the knee.

29
Q

Muscle relaxant / Relajante muscular

A

A drug that decreases muscle tone and impairs
muscle function; it is most often used to relieve
muscle spasms, hyperreflexia, or pain.

30
Q

Muscular Dystrophy / Distrofia muscular

A

Wasting away and weakness of the muscles
caused by a genetic disease or malnutrition. *Atrophy is caused by nonuse, whereas
dystrophy is caused by a genetic disease or
malnutrition.

31
Q

Muscular tear / Desgarre muscular

A

A painful rupture of muscle tissue, most
commonly caused by movement beyond the
normal range.

32
Q

Myasthenia Gravis / Miastenia Gravis

A

An autoimmune condition characterized by
abnormally weak muscles, but non-atrophic.

33
Q

Myofibroma / Miofibroma

A

Muscle tissue tumor.

34
Q

Myopathy / Miopatía

A

Any of various diseases in the muscle.

35
Q

Myorrhaphy / Mioráfisis

A

Surgical repair or suturing of a muscle.

36
Q

Rotator cuff / Manguito rotador

A

A group of four muscles and tendons that
stabilize the shoulder joint and allow the rotation
and elevation of the arm.

37
Q

Rupture / Ruptura

A

A tear or break in a structure or organ, such as the
spleen or tendon. *Rotura is also correct, as in rotura de
ligamento

38
Q

Sarcopenia / Sarcopenia

A

A natural aging process marked by muscle loss.

39
Q

Smooth muscle / Musculo liso

A

Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle moves
involuntarily. It is present in the walls of hollow
organs like the bladder, uterus, and stomach.
The heart, however, is made of cardiac muscle.

40
Q

Soleus / Sóleo

A

A lower calf muscle that helps the foot flex and
point the toes downward.

41
Q

Sprain / Torcedura

A

A violent twist of a ligament resulting in pain,
swelling, and bruising. The most common
locations for a sprain are the ankle and wrist. *Sprain can also be translated as esguince

42
Q

Stiffness / Rigidez

A

Inability to easily move muscles and joints.

43
Q

Strain / Estirón

A

A severe pull or tear of a muscle or tendon. The
most common locations for a strain are the lower
back, calves and hamstrings. *Strain is also translated as distensión. Also
possible: tirón o jalón.

44
Q

Tendon / Tendón

A

Inelastic, but flexible fibrous tissue that connects
muscle to bone.

45
Q

Tendonitis / Tendinitis

A

Tendon inflammation, generally caused by
overuse, rheumatoid disease, or infection.

46
Q

Tetanus / Tétano

A

A serious and life-threatening bacterial infection
characterized by muscle spasms.

47
Q

Trapezius / Trapecio

A

One of two triangular muscles spreading over
the shoulders and back of the neck, which helps
the head move.

48
Q

Triceps / Tríceps

A

A muscle that has three attachments at the end,
used most often in reference to the large muscle
in the back of the arm.

49
Q

Whiplash / Latigazo cervical

A

Neck injury caused by severe jerking of the head,
such as in a car accident.

50
Q

Key Word Parts:

A

chondr/o - cartilage
my/o - muscle
-algia - pain
-malacia - softening
sarc- flesh
-penia - poverty

Medical-MITS (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions