The Endocrine System Flashcards
A1C test / Prueba A1C
Also called hemoglobin A1C, this is a blood test to look at the average amount of glucose in the blood over the past three months.
Notes: A1c is also called Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c).
Acidosis / Acidosis
A condition marked by excessive amounts of acid in the body fluids, which is a result of a pH imbalance that cannot be controlled by the lungs or kidneys.
Acromegaly / Acromegalia
An overgrowth of the bones in the feet, hands, and face as a result of excess production of the growth hormone from the pituitary gland.
Addison’s disease / Enfermedad de Addison
This condition is marked by excessive fatigue, weight loss, weakness, and abdominal pain; it is the result of underactive adrenal glands.
Notes: Addison’s disease is also called adrenal insufficiency or adrenal fatigue.
Adrenal cortex / Corteza adrenal
The adrenals are small, pea-sized glands on top of each kidney; they are responsible for producing the hormone that regulates metabolism.
Androgens / Andrógenos
A sex steroid hormone found mostly in men, produced by the testes, but can be found in the ovaries of women as well; production is stimulated by the pituitary or adrenal glands.
Andropause / Andropausia
Similar to menopause in women, this condition happens in middle-aged men as a result of declining testosterone levels; symptoms include fatigue and decreased libido.
Calcitonin / Calcitonina
A natural hormone in the body that decreases calcium levels in the blood.
Cortisol / Cortisol
Another term for hydrocortisone, this is the stress hormone and is produced by the adrenal cortex. It is responsible for homeostasis and regulates the body’s response to fear or stress.
Cretinism / Cretinismo
Developmental delays and severely stunted growth as a result of a poorly functioning thyroid gland.
Cushing syndrome / Síndrome de Cushing
An endocrine disorder caused by excess cortisol production and marked by symptoms of bruising, hypertension, thin skin, weakness, weight gain, puffy face, and osteoporosis.
Diabetes mellitus / Diabetes mellitus
A complement of diseases that affects blood sugar levels and how the body uses glucose; it is marked by high levels of glucose, or sugar, in the blood.
Dwarfism / Enanismo
A genetic or endocrine disorder marked by short stature.
Endocrinopathy / Endocrinopatía
Commonly used to describe a hormone problem or Endocrinopatía imbalance. It means disease of an endocrine gland.
Epinephrine / Epinefrina
Also known as adrenaline, this is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands.
Estrogen / Estrógeno
The primary sex hormone in females.
Exophthalmos / Exoftalmos
Abnormal and excessive eyeball protrusion, or bulging eyes.
Fasting blood sugar / glucemia en aunas
A blood test taken before eating in the morning to determine glucose levels in the blood.
Glycemia / Glicemia
The presence of glucose in the blood.
Goiter / Bocio
Enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting in severe neck swelling.