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Medical-MITS > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ablation / Ablacíon

A

A procedure that usually uses catheterization to treat abnormal heart rhythms by eliminating the tissue that causes the arrhythmias.

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2
Q

Aneurysm / Aneurisma

A

Bulging of a weakened or thinned area in a blood vessel or heart.

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3
Q

Angioplasty /Angioplastia

A

A noninvasive procedure to treat narrowed arteries by inflating them with a balloon placed inside the vessel.

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4
Q

Aorta / Aorta

A

The largest artery in the body, which supplies blood to the organs and tissues from the heart.

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5
Q

Arrhythmia / Arritmia

A

This condition is characterized by an irregular, fast, or slow heart rate.

Notes: Arteriosclerosis

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6
Q

Arteriography /Arteriografía

A

Using an injection of contrast dye, this study is done in combination with cardiac catheterization to look at the arterial system near the heart.

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7
Q

Arteriosclerosis / Arteriosclerosis

A

This is commonly referred to as the “hardening of arteries,” which is caused by a buildup of calcium or fatty deposits against the walls of the artery, causing them to become thick and occluded.

Notes: is also called atherosclerosis.
Occlusion is a medical term for obstruction or
blockage.

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8
Q

Artery / Arteria

A

A vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

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9
Q

Atrium / Aurícula

A

Plural term is atria, which refers to the two upper chambers of the heart.

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10
Q

Ballon catheter / Catéter de globo

A

A long flexible tube with a small balloon at the tip inserted into an artery to expand the vessel.

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11
Q

Blood clot / Coágulo de sangre

A

A thick gelatinous mass of coagulated blood, which can stop blood flow.

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12
Q

Bypass / Baipás

A

A surgical procedure that improves blood flow by creating a new route around the diseased or blocked artery.

Notes: is an accepted word by the Real Academia
Española. To some interpreters, derivación cardíaca
may be the most appropriate translation.

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13
Q

CAD / Enfermedad coronaria arterial

A

This is the abbreviation for Coronary Artery Disease. It is a condition characterized by arterial narrowing resulting from plaque buildup and can lead to heart attack due to obstructed blood flow from the heart.

Notes: can also be translated as coronariopatía o
arteriopatía coronaria.

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14
Q

Cardiac arrest / Paro cardíaco

A

This is the cessation of a heartbeat, generally because of interrupted electrical activity.

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15
Q

Cardiac catheterization / Cateterización cardiaca

A

A procedure involving insertion of a fine, hollow tube into an artery in order to visualize the heart and other blood vessels to diagnose heart disease.

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16
Q

Cardiac failure / Insuficiencia cardiaca

A

A chronic condition in which the heart does not pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. Also known as congestive heart failure (CHF).

Notes: Fallo/a cardíaco/a is also acceptable.

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17
Q

Cardiac stress test / Prueba de esfuerzo cardíaco

A

A test that usually involves exercising in a monitored environment in order to measure the heart’s ability to respond to exertion.

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18
Q

Cardiomyopathy / Cardiomiopatía

A

Disease of the heart muscle that leads to deterioration of heart function and its ability to pump blood.

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19
Q

Congenital heart defect / Defecto cardíaco congénito

A

A heart defect present at birth and caused by poor cardiac development in utero.

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20
Q
A

This stands for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. It’s an emergency procedure using mouth-to-mouth breathing and chest compressions to circulate the patient’s blood and keep the heart pumping.

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21
Q

Defibrillator / Desfibrilador

A

A machine that uses electrical shocks to correct an abnormal or rapid heartbeat and restore regular rate and rhythm.

22
Q

DVT / Trombosis venosa profunda

A

This stands for Deep Vein Thrombosis. A thrombus is a blood clot, and a DVT is a clot located deep in one of the calf veins, obstructing blood flow to and from the heart.

23
Q

Echocardiogram / echocardiogram

A

Usually called Echo. A diagnostic test that uses ultrasound waves to produce live images of the heart.

24
Q

EKG / Electrocardiograma

A

Also referred to as an ECG, this stands for Electrocardiogram. It is a test to look for problems with electrical activity in the heart by connecting electrodes to the chest wall and tracing the waves of activity onto a paper.

25
Q

Embolus / Émbolo

A

Also called an embolism or blood clot, it starts in one vessel but travels to another.

Notes: Embolism is translated as embolia.

26
Q

Endocarditis / Endocarditis

A

A bacterial infection affecting the inner lining of the heart muscle.

27
Q

Endocardium / Endocardio

A

The innermost layer of the heart, which is a smooth membrane covering the inside of the organ.

28
Q

Fibrillation / Fibrilación

A

Disorganized and rapid contractions of the heart muscle, which leads to ineffective blood flow from the heart.

29
Q

Flutter / Aleteo

A

Ineffective and rapid heart muscle contractions, but more coordinated than fibrillation.

30
Q

Hypertension / Hipertensión

A

High blood pressure. This is when the blood pumping from the heart is excessive and beats against the vessel walls. The opposite is hypotension, or low blood pressure.

31
Q

ICD / Desfibrilador cardiovesor implantable

A

This stands for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator. ICDs are similar to pacemakers, but they are more effective in patients at high risk for or with history of sudden cardiac arrest.

Notes: ICD can also be translated as cardiodesfibrilador
implantable.

32
Q

Ischemia / Isquemia

A

Decreased blood flow to organs due to diseased or obstructed arteries, leading to damage of the tissue or organ.

33
Q

Murmur / Soplo

A

Abnormal heart sound due to turbulent blood flow, superimposed on normal heart sounds. It is likely caused by damaged heart valves that are not closing, leading to backflow of blood into the heart chamber.

34
Q

Myocardial infarction / Infarto de miocardio

A

This is a heart attack, indicating damage or death to the heart muscle, or myocardium. It is usually due to blocked blood flow to the area.

35
Q

Pacemaker / Marcapasos

A

An electronic device implanted surgically to regulate the heartbeat.

36
Q

Palpitation / Palpitación

A

A fluttering and uncomfortable feeling in the chest due to irregular heartbeat.

37
Q

Pericardium / Pericardio

A

The outer lining, or fibrous sac surrounding the heart. PERICARDITIS is inflammation in this area.

38
Q

Platelets / Plaquetas

A

One of three types of blood cells that help with blood clotting.

39
Q

Sheath / Sonda de Colocación

A

A tiny flexible tube inserted into a vein or artery to help position a catheter.

Notes: The precise translation of sheath is vaina; however, it
has a colloquial negative connotation. Sheath has other translations, depending on the context and/or medical specialty.

40
Q

Stenosis / Estenosis

A

Constriction or narrowing of a vessel or valve opening.

41
Q

Stent / Estén

A

Expandable metal mesh device placed in a narrowed artery to keep it open.

Notes: Endoprótesis Vascular is also a common translation for stent.

42
Q

Syncope / Síncope

A

Inadequate blood supply to the brain, leading to fainting or loss of consciousness. This is usually caused by arrhythmia.

Notes: Syncope may be interpreted as desmayo.

43
Q

Tachycardia / Taquicardia

A

Abnormally rapid heart rate.

44
Q

Thrombosis / Trombosis

A

This is a blood clot inside the arteries, vessels, or heart cavity.

45
Q

TIA / Accidente Isquémico Transitorio

A

This stands for Transient Ischemic Attack. It’s a minor stroke that lasts a short time due to blocked blood flow in the vessels.

Notes: Also called mini-stroke. Mini-embolia in Spanish.

46
Q

Triglycerides / Triglicéridos

A

These are a type of fat found in the blood, a high concentration may increase the risk of heart disease.

47
Q

Valves / Válvulas

A

These are openings between heart chambers allowing for blood flow in and out of the heart.

48
Q

Varicose vein / Vena varicosa

A

Abnormal bulging and twisting of a vein.

Notes: Also known as Varices [ver-uh-seez] in English and in
Spanish [várices]. Colloq. Variz

49
Q

Vena cava / Vena cava

A

The superior and inferior vena cavae are the large veins that carry blood into the heart.

50
Q

Ventricles / Ventrículos

A

The right and left ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart.

51
Q

Key Word Parts: throm/o
angi/o
cardi/o
sten/o

A

Key Word Parts:
clot
vessel
heart
narrow

Medical-MITS (12 decks)

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