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Medical-MITS > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ABG test / Gasometría arterial

A

An arterial blood gas testis a blood test that measures the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

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2
Q

Alveoli / Alvéolos

A

Air sacs in the lungs that resemble little balloons, which contract and expand with inhalation and exhalation.

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3
Q

Asphyxia / Asfixia

A

Suffocation; a condition caused by the sudden deprivation of oxygen, such as from choking, drowning, electrical shock, inhalation of toxic smoke or gas, poisoning, or strangulation.

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4
Q

Asthma / Asma

A

A condition marked by narrowing of the airways due to
spasms, leading to difficulty breathing.

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5
Q

Asthma triggers / Activadores del
asma

A

Any substance that brings on an asthmatic reaction with
symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty
breathing.

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6
Q

Bronchioles / Bronquiolos

A

Once the main bronchi open into the lungs, they divide
into smaller vessels and form the bronchial tree with small
branches called bronchioles.

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7
Q

Bronchitis / Bronquitis

A

A chronic condition marked by inflammation of the tubes
that lead from the trachea to the lungs, causing cough,
mucus production, and expectoration of sputum.

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8
Q

Bronchospasm / Broncoespasmo

A

Commonly known as an asthma attack, it is marked by
the contraction or spasm of the muscles in the bronchial
tubes.

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9
Q

Bronchus / Bronquio

A

A major tube extending from the windpipe supplying
oxygen to the lungs.

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10
Q

Carbon Dioxide / Dióxido de carbono

A

A vital gas that the blood carries to the lungs where it is
expelled when a person breathes out.

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11
Q

Cilia / Cilios

A

The small hairs that help move mucus from the nose,
sinuses, and throat.

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12
Q

Consolidation / Consolidación

A

Lung solidification caused by pneumonia.

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13
Q

COPD / Enfermedad
pulmonar obstructiva crónica

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a condition that
limits breathing due to chronic obstruction of the
bronchial airways and lungs.

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14
Q

Cystic fibrosis / Fibrosis quística

A

An inherited lung disease resulting in a constant presence
of thick mucus in the lungs and airways due to defective
exocrine glands.

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15
Q

Dyspnea / Disnea

A

Painful or difficulty breathing.

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16
Q

Emphysema / Enfisema

A

A disease characterized by destruction of the alveolar
walls, leading to those air sacs remaining in an inflated
state.

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17
Q

Epiglottis / Epiglotis

A

The cartilage on top of the larynx that closes over the
windpipe to avoid food or liquid getting into the airway
during swallowing.

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18
Q

Expectorant / Expectorante

A

Pharmaceutical agents that help clear mucus from the
airways.

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19
Q

Hyperventilation / Hiperventilación

A

Increased respiratory rate leading to excessive loss of
carbon dioxide in the blood.

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20
Q

Influenza / Influenza

A

A viral infection in the respiratory system that leads to
fever, cough, and muscle aches. Usually called the flu.

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21
Q

Inhale / Inhalar

A

Also, inspiration, refers to breathing air into the lungs
through the mouth and nose.

22
Q

Inhaled corticosteroid / Corticosteroide
inhalado

A

Long-term treatment for asthma, which reduces the
airway inflammation that causes wheezing and cough.

23
Q

Intubation / Intubación

A

Insertion of a breathing tube through the nose or mouth
into the trachea to keep the airway open.

24
Q

Laryngopharynx / Laringofaringe

A

The lower part of the throat behind the larynx that serves
as a food and air passageway; it is part of the swallowing
reflex.

25
Q

Larynx / Laringe

A

The voice box, but functions as an air passageway
between the pharynx and trachea.

26
Q

Lower Respiratory
Tract / Tracto respiratorio
inferior

A

Comprised of the parts within the chest cavity that
contribute to breathing, including lower trachea, lungs,
bronchial tubes, and alveoli.

27
Q

Mesothelioma / Mesotelioma

A

A form of lung cancer caused by exposure to asbestos
fibers.

28
Q

Nebulizer / Nebulizador

A

A drug delivery machine that uses mist inhalation into the
lungs to help a patient breathe.

29
Q

OSA / Apnea obstructiva
del sueño

A

Obstructive sleep apnea is a cessation of breathing,
especially during sleep.

30
Q

Pharynx / Faringe

A

The throat, or an airway.

31
Q

Pleura / Pleura

A

The serous membrane that surrounds and protects the
lungs.

32
Q

Pneumococcus / Neumococo

A

The bacteria responsible for acute pneumonia.

33
Q

Pneumoconiosis / Neumoconiosis

A

A lung disease that results from chronic dust inhalation
and leads to accumulation of dust in the lungs and
airways.

34
Q

Pneumonectomy / Neumonectomía

A

Surgical removal of a whole lung.

35
Q

Pneumonia / Neumonía

A

Bacterial or viral infection causing inflammation of the
lungs.

36
Q

Postural drainage / Drenaje postural

A

A treatment for breathing problems caused by swelling
and excess mucus production. It is a procedure to drain
fluid from the lungs.

37
Q

Prophylactic / Profiláctico

A

Preventive; any action or treatment taken before a
person gets sick or a disease spread. The noun form is
prophylaxis. *Profiláctico is the exact translation; however,
preventivo may be easier for a patient to understand.

38
Q

Pulmonary Embolus / Embolia pulmonar

A

Foreign material or blood clot that travels and becomes
lodged in the pulmonary veins, obstructing flow.

39
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis / Fibrosis pulmonar

A

Lung scarring that leads to breathing problems.

40
Q

Sinus infection / Infección sinusal

A

Also called rhinosinusitis, this is an inflammation of the
lining in the sinuses located in the face and skull. *Also correct: infección de los senos paranasales. Ojo: when interpreting this term, always add paranasales, as the word senos by itself means women’s breasts.

41
Q

Sinuses / Senos paranasales

A

The cavities that run through bones or tissues, especially
in the face, which connect to the nasal cavity.

42
Q

Spirometry / Espirometría

A

A diagnostic study that measures the amount of air going
in and out of the lungs.

43
Q

Sputum / Flema

A

A thick mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the
lungs, generally as a result of respiratory infection. *The precise translation of sputum is esputo; however, flema, its synonym,sounds less rough

44
Q

TB / Tuberculosis

A

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria that mainly
attack the lungs. *TB is the abbreviation of the actual bacterium:
tubercle bacillus.

45
Q

Thorax / Tórax

A

The entire region of the body between the head and
abdomen.

46
Q

Trachea / Tráquea

A

The windpipe where air passes into the lungs.

47
Q

Tracheostomy / Traqueostomía

A

A surgical incision into the trachea followed by insertion
of a tube, which provides access to the lungs in those who
need respiratory support. *The medical field often uses tracheotomy and
tracheostomy interchangeably; however,
tracheotomy is the name of the hole, whereas
tracheostomy is referring to the placement of tubes
through the hole.

48
Q

Ventilator / Respirador

A

Also called a respirator, this is a device or appliance that
connects to tubes which help a patient breathe.

49
Q

Wheezing / Sibilancia

A

A high-pitched whistling noise heard while breathing.

50
Q

Whooping / Tos ferina

A

A contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory track
characterized by uncontrollable coughing.

51
Q

Key Word Part:
spneum/o
spir/o
thorac/o
-itis i

A

lung
breathe
chest
inflammation

Medical-MITS (12 decks)

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